陕西近年登记油菜品种产量和主要性状变化趋势分析

Analysis on Trend of Yield and Main Shapes of Registered Rape Varieties of Shaanxi Province in Recent Years

通过搜集整理2018-2021年陕西省64个国家登记油菜品种的信息,对其产量、主要性状的变化、相关性和主成份进行分析,以期了解品种更替趋势和对各育种目标性状的方向性要求,探索产量和各性状间的关联性及育种策略。结果表明:随年份更替,整体来讲,株高和千粒重稍有升高趋势,年际间变化率分别为5.27%和1.88%;有效分枝数和单株角果数呈下降趋势,其中单株角果数以年际间15.25%的变化率发生极显著变化;每角粒数、芥酸、硫苷和含油量的变化平稳,年均变化量分别为0.79、0.04%、1.77μmol/g和1.44%。相关性分析揭示,产量与单株角果数、每角粒数紧密关联,其余各性状间的协同作用或抑制作用共同构成了品种的特异性、一致性和稳定性。PCA分析筛选出了对总体方差累计贡献率达63.18的3个主成分,其中株高、有效分枝数、单株角果数、每角粒数和千粒重等是造成这些品种间差异的主要因素。未来育种,继续保持双低标准的同时,提升每角粒数和千粒重等性状,从而达到高产的目标。

The yield,main trait changes,correlation and principal components were analyzed based on collection and sort of the information about the 64 nationally registered rapeseed varieties in Shaanxi province from 2018 to 2021,so as to understand the trend of the replacement variety and the directional requirements for each breeding target trait,and to explore relationship between yield and various traits,breeding strategies.The results showed that with the change of years,plant height and thousand-grain weight showed a slight upward trend,with inter-annual change rates of 5.27% and 1.88%,respectively.Number of effective branches and number of siliques per plant showed a downward trend.Among them,the number of siliques per plant had extremely significant changes under inter-annual change rate of 15.25%;the number of siliques per horn,erucic acid,glucosinolate and oil content changed steadily,with the average annual change of 0.79、0.04% and 1.77μmol/g and 1.44%.The correlation analysis revealed that the yield was closely related to the number of siliques per plant and the number of grains per horn.The synergy or inhibition of the other traits constituted specificity,consistency and stability of the variety.After the PCA analysis,3 principal components that contributed 63.177 to the overall variance were screened out.Among them,the plant height,the number of effective branches,the number of siliques per plant,the number of seeds per horn,and the thousand-seed weight were the main factors that caused the differences between these varieties.In future,maintaining the double-low standard and increasing the number of grains per horn and the thousand-grain weight can achieve the goal of the high yield.