我国糯玉米的种质特性研究探讨

Germplasm Characteristics of Waxy Maize in China

糯玉米(Zea mays L.var.ceratina Kulesh)最早起源于中国,经过长期的种植发展与育种改良,目前已经成为我国重要的鲜食作物之一。重点介绍了我国糯玉米植株与籽粒的形态特征,描述了其籽粒品质特性,分析了其经蒸煮后食用时的粘软质地和籽粒甜度形成的分子机制,阐述了其成熟干燥后籽粒晦暗不透明以及胚乳遇碘溶液显红褐色的原理,并对其种质特性的遗传研究工作以及品质改良方向提出了参考意见。

Waxy maize(Zea mays L.var.ceratina Kulesh) originated in China.After long-term planting development and breeding improvement in China,waxy maize has become one of the most important fresh food crops in China.In this paper,the morphological characteristics of the plants and kernels in waxy maize were introduced in detail,the germplasm characteristics of kernel quality were described,the genetic and molecular mechanisms of waxy-maize glutinous endosperm and sweetness formation of fresh kernels were analyzed.The physical mechanism for dark and opaque surface and the reddish-brown endosperm in iodine solution were described after the kernels were mature and dry,at the same time,the references for the relevant research of genetics in germplasm characteristics and quality improvement were proposed.