言语交际中汉语自贬类型及其语用功能研究

Types and Pragmatic Functions of Chinese Self-depreciation in Verbal Communication

自贬指在交际中说话人通过降低对自己或与自己密切相关的人、物、事的评价,以对听话人实施特定语用功能的言语行为。本研究在微博、微信和日常交际场合中收集112例自贬言语为研究语料,并借助质性分析软件Nvivo12对汉语自贬言语行为的类型和语用功能展开定性分析。认为汉语自贬言语行为可归为自谦式、幽默式、赞美式和逃避式四类,在言语交际中具有表示等级身份、表示礼貌尊重、制造幽默、表示赞美欣赏、推卸责任等多种语用功能。

Self-depreciation is a speech act that a speaker performs a specific pragmatic function towards the hearers by depreciating himself/herself, people or things that are closely related to him or her. Based on 112 cases of self-depreciating responses in Weibo, We Chat and daily life, this paper conducts a qualitative study on the types and pragmatic functions of Chinese self-depreciation by means of Nvivo 12, a qualitative analysis software. The results show that Chinese self-depreciation can be classified into four types: modest, humorous, complimentary and evasive self-depreciation. Five different pragmatic functions are used in verbal communication of self-depreciation: to express hierarchical status, to show politeness and respect, to create humor, to show praise and appreciation, and to avoid responsibility.