行政处罚决定相对公开原则引入成本收益分析的价值及其限度

The Value and Limitation of Introducing Cost Benefit Analysis into the Principle of Relative Publicity of Administrative Punishment Decisions

《行政处罚法》第48条正式确立了行政处罚决定相对公开原则,其主要目的在于增强对行政执法活动的监督作用,同时附带社会风险警示和预防违法行为发生的功能。“具有一定社会影响”的限制前缀留存了较大的自由裁量空间,基于实用主义和技术理性的考量,需要引入成本收益分析方法,用以克服不确定法律概念的裁量滥用,以及补足传统比例原则的主观与空洞。但是,在行政处罚决定公开中实现利益均衡亦是有其限度的,无法实现成本收益的完全量化、难以确保数学计算的价值理性,应当嵌入“意见交换”“损益补偿”等程序性结构,为不同利益主体提供公开、平等、理性的商谈沟通平台,方可兼顾行政处罚决定相对公开原则适用的形式合法性和实质合法性。

Article 48 of the Administrative Punishment Law formally establishes the principle of relative publicity of administrative punishment decisions,with the main purpose of strengthening the supervision of administrative law enforcement activities and the function of warning social risks and preventing illegal acts.The restriction with“certain social impact”retains a large discretionary space.Based on the consideration of pragmatism and technical rationality,it is necessary to introduce the cost-benefit analysis method to overcome the discretionary abuse of uncertain legal concepts and to supplement the subjectivity and emptiness of the traditional principle of proportion.However,there is a limit to realize the balance of interests in the publicity of administrative punishment decisions.It is impossible to fully quantify the costs and benefits,and it is difficult to ensure the value rationality of mathematical calculation.The procedures such as“opinion exchange of opinions”and“compensation for losses”should be used to provide an open,equal and rational negotiation and communication platform for different stakeholders,so as to give consideration to the formal legitimacy and substantive legitimacy of the application of the principle of relative publicity of administrative punishment decisions.