杜诗《冬日洛城北谒玄元皇帝庙》编年考

A Chronological Research on Du Fu’s Poem “Visiting the Temple of Emperor Xuan Yuan in the North of Luoyang on a Winter Day”

杜诗《冬日洛城北谒玄元皇帝庙》旧有开元二十九年(741)说与天宝八载(749)说,前者误将洛阳积善坊、北邙山的两处玄元皇帝庙混为一处;后者所依据的“五圣”一词,本是唐代公文中的习语,并不具备严格的时间效力。根据诗中“世家遗旧史,道德付今王”的历史本事,并结合杜甫参加洛阳府试的经历,此诗更可能作于开元二十三年(735)初冬。另外,《宋本杜工部集》将此诗编次在近体诗的首章,似乎也验证了这一推断。在这一新的时间定位下,我们也可以站在旧有“讽颂”视野之外,看到杜甫早年对政治事业的期盼向往之情。

Some scholars believe that Du Fu’s poem “Visiting the Temple of Emperor Xuan Yuan in the North of Luoyang on a Winter Day”was written in the 29th year of the Kaiyuan Period(A.D.741) while the others take it as the eighth year of the Tianbao Period(A.D.749). The former mistakenly confuses the two temples of Emperor Gaozong in Luoyang and Beimang Mountain. The term“five saints”on which the latter is based,because it was originally an idiom in Tang official documents, does not have the corresponding temporal effect. Based on the historical event in “the old history of the family, the morality of the present king” and Du Fu’s participation in the Luoyang provincial examinations,it is more likely that the poem was written in the early winter of the 23rd year of the Kaiyuan Period(A.D.735). In addition,the Song Edition of Du Fu’s Collection places the poem in the first chapter of the modern style poetry, which also seems to verify this inference. In this new temporal position,we can also see Du Fu’s early aspirations for political career beyond the old“satirical”vision.