摘要
法国选民在选举中投“空白票”已经成为一种醒目的政治现象。通过对第五共和国成立以来法国总统选举(1965—2022)的相关投票数据进行描述性分析,本文发现“空白票”在数量上呈增长态势,并且在时空分布上与主流政党的衰落、边缘力量的崛起具有同步性。对此进一步的解释性分析认为,选民会在对执政党不满、对一般政治失望和对首轮结果有异议的情况下采取投“空白票”这一“投票但不选择”的政治表达方式。这种具有大众政治属性的参与手段不仅显示出公民权对政府代表性的修正,其民主内涵还会牵涉法国总统的合法性问题,甚至导致有组织的民粹势力借大众之名冲击选举政治。
Casting a blank vote has become a striking political phenomenon in French elections.Based on relevant voting datasets of French presidential elections(1965—2022),it is found that the number of blank votes is increasing,and its temporal and spatial distribution is synchronized with the decline of mainstream political parties and the rise of marginal forces.Further explanatory analysis shows that when voters are dissatisfied with the ruling party,disappointed with general politics and have objections to the first-round results,they will express these political views in the way of voting but not choosing.Blank votes not only signify an amendment of government’s representativeness by civil rights,but also challenge,thanks to their democratic connotations,the presidential legitimacy and even lead to organized populist forces attacking electoral politics in the name of the masses.
基金
2022年国家社科基金项目“全过程人民民主视角下的人大协商民主建设研究”的阶段性成果,项目编号22BZZ022。
