比较、批判与超越:马克思主义民族主义观论析——兼论其对铸牢中华民族共同体意识理论的启示

Comparison,Criticism,and Transcendence:An Analysis of Marxist Nationalism and Its Implications for Forging a Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation

西方学界对民族主义研究极为丰富,然而对马克思主义民族主义观的研究却常常陷入“碎片论”“困难论”“割裂论”等各类误读。在对西方马克思主义民族主义观的研究进行比较、批判的基础上,中国学界积极推进了对马克思主义民族主义观的整体性研究,呈现了对马克思主义民族主义观的突破性研究,体现了对西方马克思主义民族主义观研究的一种超越。马克思主义民族主义观是中华民族共同体建设的重要理论来源之一,这种突破性的研究成果对思考和认识铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要理论和实践意义。

Investigation reveals that studies on nationalism in western academic circles generally have been very rich,but the studies on Marxist nationalism often wind up with various misinterpretations such as the “fragmentation theory ”or “dilemma theory”. Based on a comparison and criticism of western Marxist nationalism,Chinese academics have achieved a breakthrough and transcendence in the areas of research object,research content,and research method of Marxism and its relationship with nationalism. From the perspective of research object,Chinese scholars has developed Marxist classic writers’ “dispersive ”and “fragmental”discourses on nationalism into specialized studies following the scientific method and showing characteristics such as comprehensiveness,systematization,and pioneering when trying to grasp the research object. On the subject of research content,the basic viewpoint of Marxism on nationalism has been promoted from the perspective of“criticism”to the perspective of “criticism,borrowing,and absorption”. In the matter of research methods,Chinese academic circles have been consciously applying the method of Marxist dialectical materialism to their studies,which fundamentally appears to promote breakthrough research on the concept of Marxist nationalism.The concept of Marxist nationalism has been considered as one of the important theoretical sources for the construction of the Chinese national community. Breakthrough research on the concept of Marxist nationalism has had important theoretical and practical significance for the reflection on and understanding of forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation: First of all,findings indicate Marxist classical writers present a comprehensive theory and basic attitude towards nationalism through materialistic dialectics,which provides a way to understand the centennial construction of the Chinese national community. Under the guidance of Marxist nationalism,China as a socialist country with Chinese characteristics has already shown a kind of “socialist nationalism ”, and through the increasingly developed discourse of the“Chinese national community”embodies the Chinese characteristics.Secondly,forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation is the latest theoretical achievement of the development of Marxist nationalism. On one hand,during the current process in which China is developing from a big country to a strong country,China needs to make joint efforts with the strength of the “nation”to achieve a higher goal.The proposal of forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation aims to maximize the strength of all ethnic groups of the Chinese nation,as they are coping with the complicated and changeable international situation,trying to give a positive response to the identity imagination of the subjectivity the Chinese nation in the era of globalization,and attempting to promote the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On the other hand,although nationalism has apparently promoted the formation of a modern world system and the construction of a modern nation-state,however,negative outcomes of nationalism remain.Forging a sense of community for the Chinese nation will not only purposes to 1) help eliminate the tension produced by a narrow form of nationalism,2) guide all ethnic peoples to transcend potential narrowminded perceptions of single-ethnic-centered cognitions but also 3) assist in anticipating and vigilantly responding to international intervention forces,regional separatist forces,and other challenges involving ethnic issues,which is also the critical perspective required by Marxist nationalism.