可控释放一氧化氮的纳米材料及其生物医学应用

Nanomaterials with controllable release of nitric oxide and their biomedical applications

一氧化氮(NO)作为一种内源性气体信使分子,能够对多种生理学功能进行调控.低浓度的NO可以调节平滑肌,维持铁稳态和介导神经传递等;高浓度的NO可以提供一种防御机制.广泛的生理学功能使NO成为热门的治疗性气体分子.现有的NO供体往往存在半衰期短、释放不受控、缺乏靶向性等问题,限制了其进一步的应用.随着纳米技术的发展,研究者们合成了一系列能够可控释放NO的纳米材料,使其能够在治疗部位精确释放,并应用于多个生物医学领域.文章总结了NO供体种类,对常见的NO纳米载体的特性进行了分类介绍,并概述了NO控释纳米药物在治疗心血管疾病和肿瘤治疗等生物医学领域的最新研究进展,对该领域面临的挑战和发展前景进行了讨论.

Nitric oxide(NO) is an endogenous gas messenger molecule that can regulate a variety of physiological functions. NO in low concentration can regulate smooth muscle, maintain iron homeostasis, and mediate neurotransmission. High concentrations of NO can provide a defense mechanism. Important physiological functions make NO a hot therapeutic gas molecule in the field of biomedicine. However, existing NO donors have limitations such as poor stability, uncontrolled release, and lack of targeting, which limit their further application. With the development of nanotechnology, researchers have synthesized a series of nanomaterials that can release NO in a controlled manner and applied them in the field of biomedicine. This review introduces the types of NO donors and the characteristics of common NO nanocarriers. Then, the applications of these NO-releasing nanomaterials in biomedical fields, such as treatment of cardiovascular diseases and tumor treatment, are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects in this field are discussed.