我国海洋观监测技术的发展历程——基于1949年以来里程碑事件的回顾与思考

The Development History of China's Marine Observation and Monitoring Technology:Review and Consideration of Milestone Events Since 1949

里程碑事件是2016年公布的管理科学技术名词,即项目中的重大事件或时间点。文章通过查阅科技档案、年鉴、人物传记等资料,梳理并选取出1949年以来最能代表中国海洋观监测技术起步、模仿、发展、创新各阶段中的里程碑事件,探讨了重要机构的成立背景和重大技术、装备的研发过程,厘清了海洋观监测技术的主要发展脉络,总结其对中国当代海洋技术的政策、战略及其对社会变革的影响。分析得出,自中华人民共和国成立以来中国海洋观监测技术发展紧密围绕国家海军及海洋发展需求,主要采取引进、吸收、自主创新、重点跨越的技术路径,实现了由近浅海向深远海的战略转移。

Milestone event is the term of management science and technology published in 2016,which refers to a major event or time point in a project.Taking the history of science and technology as the cue,this paper sorted out and selected the most representative milestone events in the stages of the initiation,imitation,development and innovation of China's marine observation and monitoring technology since 1949,and discussed the establishment background of important institutions and the research and development process of major technologies and equipment by referring to scientific and technological archives,yearbooks and biographies.The development path of marine observation and monitoring technology is clarified,and the policy and strategy of contemporary marine technology in China and its impact on social reform are elicited.It is concluded that the development of marine observation and monitoring technology in China has been closely related to the needs of national navy and marine development since the founding of the nation,which mainly adopts the technological path of introduction,absorption,independent innovation and critical exceed-surpass to realize the strategic transfer from near shallow sea to far deep sea.