湿地缓解银行信用评估方法构成及分类

Wetland Mitigation Banking:Components and Classification of Credit Assessment Methods

湿地信用作为湿地缓解银行交易的媒介物,在湿地缓解银行交易中具有重要作用,其评估方法直接决定交易的科学性与公平性。基于对美国监管替代费和银行信息跟踪系统的案例研究,聚焦美国15个州的湿地信用评估方法,将湿地信用评估方法构成分为基本量、评估分数、调整因素3部分,通过不同组合方式将现有评估方法分为3类:1)“基本量+调整因素”组合的比率法;2)“基本量+评估分数”组合的湿地生态结构与功能评估法;3)“基本量+评估分数+调整因素”组合的综合评估法。3类评估方法的优缺点及适用性方面差异明显。为实现湿地缓解银行的本土化,需要在顶层设计、区域试点示范发力,并不断推动方法迭代升级。

Wetland credits are a crucial component of wetland mitigation banking transactions as a medium,and the way they are assessed directly affects how scientifically and fairly the transactions are conducted.We focus on wetland credit assessment methods in 15 u.s.states,divide the composition of these methods into three parts:Basic Volume,Assessment Outputs,and Adjustment Factors,and classify the current assessment methods into three types through various combinations:the ratio method with the combination of "Basic Volume + Adjustment Factor",the wetland ecological structure and function assessment method with the combination of "Basic Volume + Assessment Outputs",and the integrated assessment method with the combination of "Basic Volume + Assessment Outputs + Adjustment Factor".The advantages,disadvantages and applicability of the three types of assessment methods differ significantly.In order to localize wetland mitigation banking,efforts have yet to be made in terms of top-level design,regional pilot demonstrations,and continuous promotion of iterative upgrading of the methods.