太原市中小学生脊柱形态现状及影响因素研究

Study on the current status of spinal morphology and factors influencing it in primary and secondary school students in Taiyuan

目的:通过评估太原市中小学生脊柱形态情况,建立相关数据库,并对其影响因素进行探讨,为太原市青少年脊柱健康情况及脊柱侧弯的防治工作提供可借鉴的数据资料。方法:采用随机抽样方法抽取太原市36所中小学在校学生共22 564人进行问卷调查及脊柱侧弯检查。筛查结束后,通过双人双录的形式将所收集的数据录入到SPSS 21.0软件包,建立数据库,进行统计学分析。结果:共对22 564名青少年学生进行调查,年龄分布在6~15岁,男生11 592人,女生10 972人。最终确诊侧弯71人,占3.1‰,即太原市青少年脊柱侧弯的患病率为3.1‰,男生与女生的患病率之比为1∶1.9,且发病率较高的集中在10~12岁;通过Sennotech脊柱侧弯筛查系统对脊柱不同节段进行总体评价,提示青少年脊柱异常问题更多出现在颈椎和胸椎,且多伴有相应症状;对“胸剃刀背”和“腰部隆起”进行角度测量,发现男女性别分布比较差异无统计学意义。结论:太原市青少年脊柱侧弯检出率较高,其发生受性别、年龄影响,可伴随多种并发症状,如能进行广泛普查,早期发现,采取及时的治疗措施,进而减少手术病例及消灭严重的脊柱侧弯畸形。

Objective:To provide data for reference for the prevention and treatment of adolescent scoliosis in Taiyuan by assessing the spine morphology of primary and secondary school students in Taiyuan,establishing relevant databases and exploring its influencing factors.Methods:A total of 22564 students from 36 PRIMARY and SECONDARY schools in Taiyuan were selected by random sampling method for questionnaire survey and scoliosis examination.After the screening,the collected data were input into the database established by SPSS21.0 software package in the form of double recording for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 22564 adolescent students were surveyed,with an age distribution of 6 to 15 years,11592 boys and 10972 girls.The final number of confirmed scoliosis was 71,accounting for 3.1 ‰,that is,the prevalence of adolescent scoliosis in Taiyuan is 3.1 ‰,the ratio of the prevalence of boys to girls was 1 ∶1.9,and the higher incidence was concentrated in 10 to 12 years old.The Sennotech scoliosis screening system was used to evaluate the different segments.It suggested that spinal abnormalities in adolescents were more common in the cervical and thoracic spine,which were accompanied by corresponding symptoms.The Angle measurement of "chest razor back" and "waist bulge" showed no significant difference in gender distribution.Conclusion:The detection rate of adolescent scoliosis is high in Taiyuan.The incidence of scoliosis is affected by gender and age,and can be accompanied by a variety of concurrent symptoms.If scoliosis can be widely screened,early detection and timely treatment measures can reduce the number of surgical cases and eliminate severe scoliosis.