健康中国和健康促进——老年人“体医教”新模式实践研究

Healthy China and Health Promotion——A Study on the Model of EME(Exercise-Medicine-Education)Regarding Senior Citizens

目的:面对日益严峻的养老形势、老年慢病的实际需求、老年照护的现实困难等问题,在健康中国背景下,开展针对老年人健康促进和日常生活自理能力的“体医教”新模式实践研究。方法:采用文献分析、问卷调查和实验研究的方法对57名老年人进行分组比较分析,并用《巴氏量表》进行测量评价。结果:“体医教”新模式对老年人日常生活自理能力总体上有明显影响(P<0.05),特别是在大小便控制、进食、平地行走、上下楼梯、上下床或椅子等8项有显著影响(P<0.05)。结论:“体医教”新模式是以整体、综合和长期干预为主要优势特色来促进老年人自我照顾能力提升的。其“内——健身气功习练、外——保健推拿实施、心——中医养生宣教”的干预方式,可促进改善老年人活动能力,具有系统全面、普及可行的优势,对老年人健康促进和日常生活自理能力改善有重要实践意义。

OBJECTIVE:Facing increasingly severe aging situation,the needs of elderly citizens suffering from chronic diseases and real difficulties in taking care of the elderly,we studied the interventional method of Exercise-Medicine-Education(EME)for the elderly aimed at self-care ability of daily living in the context of a Healthy China Strategy.METHODS:Fifty seven elderly people were compared and analyzed in groups by means of literature analysis,questionnaire and experimental study.The model was measured and evaluated by Barthel Index.RESULTS:The EME model has significant effects on the general functional independence of the elderly in daily life(P<0.05),especially remarkable effects on eight areas,including bowel control,bladder control,feeding,mobility on level surfaces,stairs,transfers from bed to chair and back,(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The practice of EME model have the main advantages of comprehensive and long-term holistic intervention in increasing independence of the elderly.Its methods work internally with Chinese traditional health exercise Qigong,externally with health massage,and mentally with TCM health education.The holistic intervention is systematic and comprehensive,feasible for popular use.It has important practical implications for improving independence of the elderly.