基于系统论的学校体育校本课程开发:基本特征、构成要素与结构范式

The Development of School-Based Physical Education Curriculum Based on System Theory:Basic Characteristics,Constituent Elements and Structural Paradigm

从系统论视角将课程开发看作整体组织,以此探究学校体育校本课程开发的基本特征、构成要素及结构范式。研究表明:学校体育校本课程开发应注重开发主体的整体统一,强化开发目的,厘清主体层级,维持主体内部相关部分的协调配合,保持对外部相关组织、个体的信息交互与资源争取;开发主体的构成要素应包含行政管理、课程实践现状分析、课程研究、课程实施、课程评价、外部资源等六大要素;开发主体的结构可以定为1个一级子系统、3个二级子系统,在探究其运行逻辑基础上构建了主体结构范式。建议:各学校在体育校本课程开发实践中,应注重组织构架研究,将工作视角从实践与操作层面回归到体系建构层面,从系统科学角度研究、搭建课程开发的相关主体,以保障开发工作的规范化、科学化、标准化。本文旨在为学校体育校本课程开发在组织原则、组成内容及运行路径等方面提供参考。

From the perspective of system theory,this study probes into the basic characteristics,constituent elements and structural paradigm of the development of school-based physical education(PE)curriculum,and regards the curriculum development as the whole organization.The study found that the development of school-based PE curriculum should pay attention to the overall unity of the development entity,strengthen the development purpose,clarify the levels of the development entity,maintain its internal coordination and cooperation,and keep information exchange with and resources from relevant external organizations and individuals;The constituent key elements of the development entity should include six key elements:administrative management,status quo analysis of curriculum practice,curriculum research,curriculum implementation,curriculum evaluation,and external resources.The structure of the development entity is proposed as one first-level subsystem and three second-level subsystems,and its running logic is explored to form the structure paradigm of the main body.It is suggested that schools should pay attention to the study of organizational structure in the practice of developing school-based PE curriculum,turn the perspective of work from the practice and operation level back to system construction level,and study and build the relevant main body of curriculum development from the perspective of system science,so as to ensure standardized and scientific development work.The goal of this study is to help the development of school-based PE curriculum in the organizational principles,contents and operational path.