应用Hyperledger Fabric和物联网技术的农产品溯源系统设计

Designing an agricultural product traceability system using Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain and Internet of Things technology

[目的]农产品作为国家战略资源,其质量安全备受大众关注,针对传统溯源系统存在数据存储中心化、共享信息不透明、安全性能不强等问题,本研究旨在为农产品复杂供应链提供溯源优化模型和平台,提升信息查询效率和安全性。[方法]本试验应用Hyperledger Fabric联盟链结合物联网技术设计出一种具备防篡改性、去中心化、可信度强、优于传统的农产品溯源系统,综合农产品全产业供应链环节的需求设计出3层系统架构,主要包含区块链层、物联网层及应用层。[结果]区块链层利用go语言制定相应的智能合约,并且采用链上CouchDB数据库存储账本信息和链下MySQL数据库存储管理信息的多级存储方式提升系统存储的可扩展性;物联网层应用STM32单片机结合多个传感器采集农作物种植环境信息并且将其集成在印制电路板上,减少人工干预,增加数据科学性;应用层主要采用Vue、Java、Html语言、RuoYi-Vue前端和SpringBoot后端分离框架设计出农产品溯源网页平台,包含原料生产、农户种植、加工仓储、物流运输以及分销批零环节,为用户提供数据上传、管理、分析、查询等服务。[结论]对整体系统的基础功能进行综合实验测试,构建包含5个关键环节的区块链组织,在网页平台中添加内蒙古燕谷坊燕麦胚芽米等现有产品,管理并追溯其基本信息,未出现试验错误,验证了整体方案具备可行性和实用性,能够为维护消费者权益和提升企业竞争力提供信息技术保障。

[Objective]As a national strategic resource, the quality and safety of agricultural products have attracted public attention. In light of the issues of centralized data storage, opaque shared information, and weak security performance in traditional traceability systems, this study aimed to propose an optimized traceability model and platform for the complex supply chain of agricultural products, with the goal of enhancing the efficiency and security of information query.[Methods]In this experiment, Hyperledger Fabric blockchain technology in conjunction with Internet of Things technology were employed to design a tamperproof, decentralized, and credible agricultural product traceability system that surpassed the traditional system. A three-layer system architecture was designed based on the needs of the entire agricultural product industry supply chain,comprising of a blockchain layer, an Internet of Things layer, and an application layer.[Results]The blockchain layer used the Go programming language to formulate relevant smart contracts and implemented a multi-level storage approach that stored ledger information on-chain in CouchDB and off-chain in MySQL for managing storage information, which improved the scalability of the system’s storage capabilities. The Internet of Things layer employed an STM32 microcontroller, which integrated various sensors to collect information about the crop planting environment and consolidated it on a printed circuit board, thus reducing manual intervention and enhancing data collection. The application layer mainly employed Vue, Java, HTML,and the RuoYi-Vue front-end and SpringBoot back-end separation framework to develop a web-based platform for traceability of agricultural products. The platform covered the entire supply chain from raw material production, farmer planting, processing and warehousing, logistics and transportation, to distribution, and batch zero links. It offered users services such as data upload, management, analysis, query and other services.[Conclusion]The basic functions of the overall system have been comprehensively tested through experimentation. A blockchain organization with five key links has been established;existing products have been added to the web platform,and the basic information was managed and traced. No experimental errors have been encountered, which confirmed the feasibility and practicality of the overall solution. It can provide information technology guarantee for protecting consumer rights and interests and enhancing the competitiveness of businesses.