嗜黏蛋白艾克曼菌在防治糖尿病中的作用研究进展

Research Progress on the Role of Akkermansia Muciniphila in Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

肠道菌群与疾病的相关性成为近年来的研究热点,糖尿病的发病与慢性低度炎症及肠道菌群失调密切相关,干预肠道菌群失调成为目前预防及治疗糖尿病的研究热点。嗜黏蛋白艾克曼菌(Akkermansiamuciniphila,A.muciniphila)可通过改善肠道屏障功能、抑制机体慢性炎症、上调血糖调节相关激素如胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)水平等作用机制改善糖尿病相关症状,是预防及治疗糖尿病的潜在靶点。A.muciniphila丰度降低还是糖尿病早期诊断的标志。目前研究表明单独运用A.muciniphila后糖尿病患者机体炎症状态等相关症状明显改善,且已有研究显示人体对A.muciniphila有较好的安全性和耐受性。因此,A.muciniphila可作为一种潜在的新型益生菌治疗糖尿病。临床上用于治疗糖尿病的措施如二甲双胍、中医药及功能性饮食等的作用机制均发现与A.muciniphila丰度升高有关,其中中医药治疗糖尿病效果显著,具有多靶点、多途径、系统性等优势。研究发现A.muciniphila是中药干预糖尿病的潜在靶点,中药干预后,糖尿病相关指标改善与A.muciniphila丰度呈正相关。以上证据为研究中医药与肠道菌群相互作用从而治疗糖尿病的作用机制提供了新的思路。本文综述了嗜黏蛋白艾克曼菌在糖尿病防治中的作用及其与中医药防治糖尿病的相关性,以期为糖尿病预防及治疗提供新举措。

The correlation between intestinal flora and diseases has become a hot research topic in recent years.Since the incidence of diabetes is closely related to chronic low-grade inflammation and intestinal flora disorders,the intervention of intestinal flora imbalance has become a research focus in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus.Akkermansia muciniphila(A.muciniphila)stands out among the intestinal flora as it can alleviate the diabetes-related symptoms by regulating glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1)level,improving intestinal barrier function,and inhibiting chronic inflammation,which is a potential target for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.The reduction in the abundance of A.muciniphila is a marker for the early diagnosis of diabetes.The available studies have demonstrated that the administration with A.muciniphila alone can significantly attenuate inflammation and other related symptoms of diabetic patients.Moreover,A.muciniphila has good safety and can be tolerated by human body.Therefore,A.muciniphila has the potential to serve as a new species of probiotics for the treatment of diabetes.The clinical measures for treating diabetes,such as metformin,Chinese herbal medicines,and functional diet,have been confirmed to be associated with the increased abundance of A.muciniphila.Among them,Chinese herbal medicines can treat diabetes via multiple targets and pathways in a systemic manner.Studies have reported that A.muciniphila is a potential target of Chinese herbal medicines intervening in diabetes.After the administration of Chinese herbal medicines,the improvement of diabetes-related indicators was positively correlated with the abundance of A.muciniphila.The above evidence provides a new idea for the research on the interaction between Chinese herbal medicines and intestinal flora in the treatment of diabetes.Therefore,this paper reviewed the role of A.muciniphila in diabetes and the correlation between the abundance of A.muciniphila and the administration of Chinese herbal medicines,aiming to provide new measures for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.