一碳代谢相关营养素与肿瘤关系

The relationship between one-carbon metabolism related nutrient and cancer

代谢紊乱被认为是所有肿瘤细胞的基本特征,细胞代谢相关调控基因已逐渐成为肿瘤诊断和治疗的靶点。一碳代谢是细胞普遍存在的代谢过程,主要负责机体生物合成、氨基酸稳态、表观遗传维持、细胞营养状态调节等,其重要代谢途径叶酸循环和蛋氨酸循环与肿瘤的预防及发生、发展密切相关。叶酸循环的核心是叶酸及其衍生物的相互转化,一方面被证实可以有效降低肿瘤发生风险;而另一方面,如果癌前病变已经形成,叶酸循环提供的DNA前体物可能会为癌细胞的生长提供原料,从而加速肿瘤的发生。此外,在该循环中丝氨酸生物合成途径的异常激活也是肿瘤发病机制的重要过程之一。研究发现,其代谢过程中所需的酶与肿瘤密切相关,并有望成为肿瘤预防和治疗的关键靶标。在该循环中还涉及多种辅酶,如维生素B_(12)及维生素B_(6),其与肿瘤的发生、发展也密切相关。甲基供体在表观遗传学和代谢途径中发挥着举足轻重的作用,被认为是预防和治疗肿瘤最具前景的靶标之一。在蛋氨酸循环途径中,S-腺苷蛋氨酸水平的升高、胆碱与甜菜碱的缺乏均会影响DNA甲基化,从而增加肿瘤风险。本研究将简要综述一碳代谢与肿瘤的关系,阐明一碳代谢指标对肿瘤预防以及发生、发展的作用。

Metabolic disorders are considered to be a fundamental feature of all cancer cells, and genes related to the regulation of cellular metabolism have gradually become targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment. One-carbon metabolism is a prevalent metabolic process in cells, mainly responsible for body biosynthesis, amino acid homeostasis, epigenetic maintenance, and regulation of cellular nutritional status, etc. Its important metabolic pathways, folate cycle and methionine cycle, are closely related to the prevention and development of tumors. The core of the folate cycle is the interconversion of folate and its derivatives, which on the one hand has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of cancer development, while on the other hand, if precancerous lesions have already formed,the DNA precursors provided by the folate cycle may provide raw material for cancer cell growth, thus accelerating the development of cancer. In addition, abnormal activation of the serine biosynthetic pathway in this cycle is one of the important processes in cancer pathogenesis. The enzymes required in its metabolic process have been found to be closely related to cancer and are expected to be key targets for tumor prevention and treatment. Various coenzymes are also involved in this cycle, such as vitamin B_(12) and vitamin B_(6),which are closely associated with cancer progression. Methyl donors play a pivotal role in epigenetic and metabolic pathways and are considered to be one of the most promising targets for the prevention and treatment of cancer. In the methionine cycle pathway, elevated levels of S-adenosylmethionine and deficiencies of choline and betaine all affect DNA methylation, thereby increasing cancer risk. This study will briefly review the relationship between one-carbon metabolism and cancer and elucidate the role of one-carbon metabolic indicators on cancer prevention and development.