设施蔬菜生产的影响因素研究——基于对北京市种植户的调研

Influencing Factors of Facility Vegetable Production——Based on The Survey of Farmers in Beijing City

目的:研究设施蔬菜生产的影响因素。方法:采用问卷调查和入户访谈相结合的方法,从农户视角对设施蔬菜生产的要素投入、技术采用、成本收益等问题进行调查分析。结果:设施蔬菜生产规模小而分散,劳动力老龄化严重,机械化水平较低;对病虫害防治技术需求较大,地膜覆盖、穴盘育苗、高温闷棚、生物菌肥、生物农药和节水灌溉等技术采用率均较高;肥料费和雇工费是蔬菜生产成本的主要部分;设施蔬菜生产处于规模递增阶段,整体效率水平较低,效率损失主要来源于规模效率。结论:建议持续加大农民培训力度,综合提升农户设施蔬菜生产能力;不断强化农户质量安全意识,切实提高设施蔬菜质量安全水平;科学引导要素投入,避免生产资料浪费或过度使用;扩大设施蔬菜种植规模,推动农户适度规模经营。

【Objective】To study the influencing factors of protected vegetable production. 【Method】We used a combination of questionnaire surveys and door-to-door interviews,investigated and analyzed the factors input,technology adoption,cost-benefit and other issues of facility vegetable production from the perspective of farmers. 【Result】 The scale of facility vegetable production is small and scattered,the labor force is seriously aging,and the level of mechanization is low. There is a greater demand for pest control technology,such as mulching film,plug seedlings,high temperature and stuffy sheds,biological bacterial fertilizer,biological pesticides and water-saving irrigation.The adoption rate of other technologies is relatively high. Fertilizer fees and labor costs are the main part of vegetable production costs. Facility vegetable production is in the stage of increasing scale,the overall efficiency level is low,and the efficiency loss mainly comes from scale efficiency. 【Conclusion】 It is recommended to continue to increase the training of farmers and comprehensively improve the production capacity of farmers’ facilities;continuously strengthen farmers’ awareness of quality and safety,and effectively improve the quality and safety of facility vegetables;scientifically guide the input of factors to avoid waste or excessive use of production materials;expand facility vegetable planting scale,promote farmer households to operate on a moderate scale.