不同氮钾肥用量对百香果生长、品质及产量的影响

Effects of different nitrogen and potassium dosage on growth,quality and yield of passion fruit

通过田间试验,分析不同氮钾水平下百香果的生长、产量及品质差异,为指导百香果合理施肥提供参考依据。基于‘3414’肥料试验,探究百香果在不同氮钾水平下的生长状况、果实品质、产量效应;结合肥料效应函数,从而明确百香果的最佳氮钾施用量。供试果园土壤肥力处于适宜水平,磷钾肥用量一致的条件下,随着氮肥施用量的增加,百香果的株高、茎粗、单果重均呈先增后降的趋势,且百香果茎粗、单果重均在N_(2)(249.76kg/hm^(2))水平达到最大值;果实中N、Ca含量显著增加,果实的K、Mg、Cu、Zn含量降低;百香果产量则随着氮肥施用量呈先增后降的趋势,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理产量最高,为80.80 kg(14947.27 kg/hm^(2))。氮磷肥用量一致的条件下,随着钾肥施用量的增加,N_(2)P_(2)K_(0)、N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)、N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)4个处理间百香果的株高、茎粗均无显著差异;但百香果的可溶性固形物和总酸含量均显著增加,其中N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)处理的果实可溶性固形物和总酸含量达到最高,分别高于N_(2)P_(2)K_(0)处理的7.04%、36.20%;果实中的K含量显著增加,Ca、Mg、Cu含量显著下降;钾肥施用量对百香果产量的影响与氮肥一致,N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)处理产量最高。科学施肥是保障果树正常生长及品质的前提,综合考虑经济效益及产量的情况下,结合二元二次肥料效应函数方程,初步可得百香果的最佳施氮量为254.94 kg/hm^(2),最佳施钾量为187.73 kg/hm^(2)。与果农习惯施肥相比,增加氮肥用量5.18 kg/hm^(2),可减少钾肥用量62.03 kg/hm^(2),即按照推荐氮钾施用量种植百香果,在达到相同产值的条件下,可帮助果农节约投入成本409.71元/hm^(2)。综上所述,推荐百香果的尿素施用量在474.20~634.20 kg/hm^(2)之间,硫酸钾施用量在288.10~448.10 kg/hm^(2)之间。

The difference of growth,yield and quality of passion fruit under different nitrogen and potassium levels was analyzed in this study,which could provide a reference for guiding rational fertilization of passion fruit.Based on the‘3414’fertilizer experiments,the effect on growth,fruit quality and yield of passion fruit by different nitrogen and potassium levels were investigated.Combined with the fertilizer response function,the optimal nitrogen and potassium application amount of passion fruit was determined.The soil fertility of the test orchard was at an appropriate level.In this experiment,under the condition that the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was the same,the plant height,stem diameter and fruit weight of passion fruit showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer;and the stem diameter and fruit weight of passion fruit reached the maximum value at the N_(2)(249.76 kg/hm^(2))level;the N and Ca contents of fruit increased significantly,while the contents of K,Mg,Cu and Zn in fruit decreased;the yield of passion fruit increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer,and the highest yield was 80.80 kg(14947.27 kg/hm^(2))under N_(2)P_(2)K_(2) treatment.Under the condition of the same amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer,with the increase of the amount of potassium fertilizer,there were no significant differences in plant height and stem diameter between N_(2)P_(2)K_(0),N_(2)P_(2)K_(1),N_(2)P_(2)K_(2) and N_(2)P_(2)K_(3) treatment;However,the content of soluble solid and total acid in passion fruit increased significantly.The contents of soluble solids and total acids in N_(2)P_(2)K_(3) treatment were 7.04% and 36.20% higher than that in N_(2)P_(2)K_(0) treatment,respectively;the content of K in fruit increased significantly,while the content of Ca,Mg and Cu decreased significantly.The effect of potassium fertilizer on passion fruit yield was the same as that of nitrogen fertilizer,and N_(2)P_(2)K_(2) treatment had the highest yield.Scientific fertilization is the prerequisite to guarantee the normal growth and quality of fruit trees.Taking into account the economic benefits and yield,combined with the fertilizer response function equation,the optimal nitrogen application amount of passion fruit is 254.94 kg/hm^(2),and the optimal potassium application amount is 187.73 kg/hm^(2).Compared with the conventional fertilization of farmers,the application of nitrogen fertilizer was increased by 5.18 kg/hm^(2),and the application of potassium fertilizer was reduced by 62.03 kg/hm^(2).In other words,with the condition of achieving the same output value,if the passion fruit was planted according to the recommended application of nitrogen and potassium,the input cost of farmers could be saved by 409.71 yuan/hm^(2).Based on the experiment,the recommended dosage of urea and potassium sulfate for passion fruit is 474.20~634.20 and 288.10~448.10 kg/hm^(2).