农业农村部负责的肥料产品登记管理现状分析

Analysis on status of registration and management of fertilizer products in charge by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

我国实行肥料登记管理制度,并已进行了多轮改革完善。为了便于广大肥料申请者更好地把握肥料产品登记情况和有关要求,提高肥料登记效率,利用农业农村部政务服务平台和种植业管理司“肥料登记与备案”的数据资料,对农业农村部负责的肥料产品登记产品范围、申请条件、禁止性要求进行了梳理归纳,对登记产品数量、受理量趋势和存在问题进行了分类比较分析。结果表明,化学肥料中含腐植酸水溶肥料和含氨基酸水溶肥料登记数量最高,分别占登记化学肥料产品总数的45.37%和41.43%;微生物肥料中,微生物菌剂和生物有机肥登记数量最高,分别占登记微生物肥料产品总数的47.83%和29.30%。肥料的首次登记一直维持在一个较高的水平,年受理量接近5000件;肥料续展登记受理量呈现一个先升后降的趋势,2018年达到最高值9309件,由于政策的调整,2019年明显下降,受理量为1366件;肥料变更登记呈现一个稳定增长的趋势,2016年受理量为643件,2020年受理量为906件。当前肥料登记存在问题主要有部分企业对肥料登记政策变化了解不及时、部分企业送检样品和田间试验报告不合格、部分肥料产品涉嫌夸大功效、部分新型肥料登记困难。今后,应进一步加强宣传培训,优化审核登记制度,强化登记后的监管。

China has implemented the fertilizer registration management stystem,and has carride out several rounds of reform and improvement.In order to facilitate fertilizer applicants to better grasp the registration situation and relevant requirements of fertilizer products,and improve the efficiency of fertilizer registration,the status of registration and management of fertilizer products in charge by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs was combed and analyzed based on the data of the Government Service Platform of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Fertilizer Registration and Record Filing of the Department of Crop Production,including the scope,application conditions,prohibitive requirements,the number of registered products,acceptance trend and existing problems.The results showed that among the chemical fertilizers,humic acid water-soluble fertilizer and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer accounted for 45.37%and 41.43%of the total registered chemical fertilizer products,respectively.Among microbial fertilizers,microbial agents and bio-organic fertilizers had the highest registered quantity,accounting for 47.83%and 29.30%of the total registered microbial fertilizer products,respectively.The first registration of fertilizers had been maintained at a high level,with an annual acceptance of nearly 5000.The acceptance of renewal registration of fertilizer showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,reaching the highest value of 9309 in 2018.Due to the adjustment of policies,the acceptance decreased significantly in 2019,reaching to 1366.Fertilizer change registration showed a steady growth trend,with 643 cases accepted in 2016and 906 cases accepted in 2020.At present,the main problems in fertilizer registration are that some enterprises do not understand the changes of fertilizer registration policies in time,the samples and field test reports submitted by some enterprises are unqualified,some fertilizer products are suspected of exaggerating the efficacy,and some new fertilizers are difficult to register.In the future,we should further strengthen publicity and training,optimize the audit and registration system,and strengthen post registration supervision.