基于长时序遥感监测的阿克苏河流域平原水库变化研究

Study on Plain Reservoir Change in Aksu River Basin Based on Long Time Series Remote Sensing Monitoring

通过水库调配、统筹兼顾生产用水和生态用水,对干旱区社会经济发展、区域环境改善及生态系统稳定意义重大。阿克苏河作为塔里木河中下游生态输水的主要补给源,其流域内的水库在维护塔里木河下游农业和生态安全稳定方面发挥着重要作用。基于EOS/MODIS卫星遥感数据,建立长时序的水库面积遥感监测数据库,分析2009—2020年阿克苏河流域内的3个主要大型平原水库水域面积的动态变化,探究水库面积的年内和年际变化规律,结合人类活动和气象数据进行分析,结果表明:阿克苏河流域3座平原水库年内面积总体呈现“前高—中低—后高”的趋势,由减少趋势向增多趋势转变的时间“拐点”出现在8月,主要与当地农业灌溉用水密切相关;同一水库月内面积变化较大,因用水需求较大,月最小面积在3—7月变化剧烈;上游水库面积年际间逐年减少,胜利水库面积总体逐年增加;耕地面积的扩充尤其是水浇地的增加,增大了用水需求,生产用水与生态用水的竞争性用水需求加大;蒸发对平原水库有影响作用,使得水库周边局地湿度增加,局地生态改善。

Using reservoir to allocate and integrate production and ecological water use,benefits to the social and economical development,region environmental improvement and ecosystem stability in arid areas.As the largest supply source of ecological water in the lower reaches of Tarim River,the reservoir plays an important role in maintaining ecological security and stability in the lower reaches of Tarim River.Based on EOS/MODIS satellite remote sensing data,a long-time remote sensing monitoring database of reservoir area is established.The dynamic changes of water area of three major large plain reservoirs are analyzed in the Aksu River Basin from 2009 to 2020,and the annual and inter-annual variation of reservoir area is studied.Combined with human activities and meteorological data in the same period,the results show that the annual area of the three plain reservoirs in the Aksu River Basin showed a trend of ‘front high-middle low-back high’.The turning point of the change from the decreasing trend to the increasing trend appeared in August,which was mainly closely related to the local agricultural irrigation water.The area of the same reservoir varied greatly in the month.Due to the large demand for water,the minimum area of the month varied dramatically from March to July.The area of upper reaches reservoirs decreased year by year,and that of the Shengli Reservoir increased year by year.The expansion of cultivated land,especially the increase of irrigated land,has increased the demand for water,and the competitive demand for production water and ecological water has increased;Evaporation has an impact on the plain reservoir,which is increasing the local humidity around the reservoir and improving the local ecology.