固态渗透预处理对冻干芒果加工过程减排、资源消耗及产品品质的影响

Effect of Solid-State Osmotic Pretreatment on Emission Reduction,Resource Consumption and Product Quality in the Processing of Freeze-Dried Mango

降耗减排已成为食品加工产业的发展趋势,液态渗透预处理在冻干水果加工过程中可有效节能,而固态渗透的作用还有待发掘。本实验对比了固、液两种渗透前处理方式对冻干芒果加工过程中的废液、资源消耗及产品品质的影响。结果表明:对比液态渗透(加入等质量的质量分数60%蔗糖溶液,L60),两组固态渗透(蔗糖添加量分别为30%、40%,S30、S40)处理过程中废液排放量分别明显减少61.00%和51.71%、蔗糖使用量分别减少50.01%和33.24%、废液化学需氧量分别减少60.13%和41.83%。相比未渗透样品,S30、S40和L60样品加工过程中碳排放量分别减少了10.59%、12.21%和8.80%。相比液态渗透组,固态渗透组样品在渗透阶段活性物质(总酚和VC)保留率较低,但在冻干阶段活性物质保留率较高。冻干后,固态渗透组样品组织结构收缩,无坍塌现象。在可持续发展趋势下,固态渗透在节能减排方面比液态渗透更具优势,值得进一步深入研究与探索。

Consumption and emission reduction has become an inevitable trend in the development the food processing industry.While liquid-state osmotic pretreatment can save energy effectively in freeze-dried fruit processing,there is still a need to explore the effect of solid-state osmotic pretreatment.The effects of solid-and liquid-state osmotic pretreatment on waste liquid,resource consumption and product quality in the processing of freeze-dried mango were compared in this study.Results showed that compared with liquid-state infiltration(sucrose concentration of 60%,and solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1;designated as L60),solid-state infiltration with sucrose concentration of 30%and 40%(designated as S30 and S40,respectively)significantly reduced the waste liquid discharge by 61.00%and 51.71%,the consumption of sucrose by 50.01%and 33.24%,and the total chemical oxygen demand of waste liquid by 60.13%and 41.83%,respectively.Compared with non-osmosed samples,the carbon emission of S30,S40 and L60 during processing was reduced by 10.59%,12.21%and 8.80%,respectively.Compared with the liquid-state osmosis group,the solid-state osmosis group had lower nutrient retention(total phenolics and VC)during osmosis,but higher nutrient retention during lyophilization.After freeze-drying,the structure of the solid-state osmosis group was shrunk without collapse.In the trend of sustainable development,solidstate osmosis is superior to liquid-state osmosis in energy conservation and emission reduction,which is worthy of further research and exploration.