环糊精超分子自组装包合机制研究进展

Research Progress on the Inclusion Mechanism of Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Self-Assemblies

环糊精因具有独特的“外亲水、内疏水”结构,可作为一种优良的包合载体对性质活泼、易挥发、易氧化分解的活性组分进行保护,从而达到提高其溶解度、稳定性和生物利用率的效果。本文从环糊精的结构与性质出发,首先对其包合机理进行探究,即分析主体环糊精与客体分子之间的相互作用和影响因素,包括环糊精单体与客体之间的包合反应、环糊精单体之间的自组装行为以及该行为下所形成的超分子体系与客体分子的包合机制;接着阐述有无表面活性剂存在的情况下环糊精界面稳定机制、表面活性剂与环糊精自组装形成复合乳化剂协同稳定客体机制等;然后,对环糊精包合物中客体分子的释放机制、缓释动力学模型及相应的影响因素进行解析;最后,从分子模拟及界面稳定机制方面对环糊精在超分子领域的研究进行展望,以期为后续研究提供参考。

Cyclodextrin,which has a unique“outer hydrophilic and inner hydrophobic”structure,can be used as an excellent carrier to protect volatile bioactive compounds that are susceptible to oxidative degradation for improved solubility,stability,and bioavailability.In this paper,we summarize the structures and properties of cyclodextrins and elucidate their inclusion mechanism with respect to the interactions between the host cyclodextrins and guest molecules and the factors influencing them including the inclusion reaction between cyclodextrin monomers and guests,the self-assembly behavior of cyclodextrin monomers,and the inclusion mechanism between the supramolecular system formed by this self-assembly behavior and guest molecules.Then,the mechanism for the interface stability of cyclodextrins in the presence and absence of surfactants and the mechanism by which composite emulsifiers formed from the self-assembly of cyclodextrins with a surfactant stabilize guests.Finally,the release mechanism and the kinetic models of sustained release of guest molecules from inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins as well as the factors affecting them are elucidated,and future research prospects of cyclodextrins in the supramolecular field are discussed in order to provide a reference for follow-up research.