农民工的土地权益、居住权益与乡城迁移意愿:基于沪宁铁路沿线八市火车站的调查研究

Land rights,housing rights and rural-urban migration intentions of migrant workers:Based on a survey of railway stations in eight cities along the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway

农民工的城乡权益在其市民化中起到重要作用,而市民化的微观基础是农民工的意愿。因而,有必要从农民工农村土地权益、城镇居住权益的角度检验其与农民工乡城迁移意愿的关系。本文利用沪宁铁路沿线南京、镇江、丹阳、常州、无锡、苏州、昆山、上海火车站(含高铁站点)等8个站点农民工调查的数据,对农民工的土地权益、居住权益与乡城迁移意愿进行了概念化与操作化测量。从农地产权强度、社会保障效应、资源禀赋效应方面检验农地权益与农民工乡城迁移意愿的关系;从农村宅基地权益、城镇居住权益检验居住权益与农民工乡城迁移意愿的关系。结果发现,农民工乡城迁移意愿的强弱在有无发生过土地承包经营权流转行为、有无退出土地承包经营权的打算、宅基地使用权流转、住房来源等方面存在差异性。因此,在农民工进城落户与农村土地权益脱钩、农民工与城镇住房保障体系挂钩的背景下,农村土地政策和城镇住房保障政策既要保有社会保障功能性支持,又要有差异化设计,以满足不同农民工的意愿。

The rights and interests of migrant workers in urban and rural areas play an important role in their urbanization,and the micro-foundation of urbanization is the willingness of migrant workers.Therefore,it is necessary to examine the relationship between migrant workers rural land rights and urban residential rights and their willingness to migrate from rural to urban areas.This paper uses the survey data of migrant workers at eight stations along the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway,including Nanjing,Zhenjiang,Danyang,Changzhou,Wuxi,Suzhou,Kunshan,and Shanghai Railway Station(including high-speed railway stations),to analyze the relationship between migrant workers land rights,housing rights and willingness to migrate from rural to urban areas.Migration intention was conceptualized and operationally measured.This paper examines the relationship between rural land rights and rural migrant workers willingness to migrate from the aspects of land property rights intensity,social security effect and resource endowment effect.The relationship between residential rights and migrant workers intention of rural-urban migration is tested from rural homestead rights and urban residence rights.The results show that there are differences in the willingness of migrant workers to relocate between rural and urban areas in terms of whether there has been a transfer of land contractual management rights,whether they have plans to withdraw from their land contractual management rights,transfer of homestead use rights,and housing sources.Therefore,in the context of the decoupling of rural land rights and interests between migrant workers and rural land rights,and the link between migrant workers and the urban housing security system,rural land policies and urban housing security policies must not only maintain the functional support of social security,but also have differentiated designs to meet the needs of the wishes of different migrant workers.