生态市场主义视域下西方金融业应对气候风险实践评判及中国制度优势

Evaluation on the Practice of Western Financial Industry to Deal with Climate Risk and China’s Institutional Advantages from the Perspective of Eco-Marketism

气候变化将会对全球经济发展产生系统性冲击。为了应对气候风险,西方资本主义国家产生了生态资本主义思潮,其中又以生态市场主义对西方国家气候政策的影响最大。生态市场主义在机制逻辑上过于强调市场机制的价格引导作用,进而导致绿色投资形成不足;在政策逻辑上过于依靠有效市场理论,进而导致企业碳排放的负外部性难以内部化;在技术逻辑上,资本市场难于达成对气候风险定价的共识,无法提供技术底层支持。中国特色社会主义制度的制度优势在于:中国共产党的领导是中国特色社会主义最本质的特征,是中国特色社会主义制度的最大优势,也是实现中国式现代化的根本保障;在机制逻辑上,突破资本主义生产资料私人占有制,引导绿色投资;在政策逻辑上,立足经济社会发展的客观现实制定经济政策,避免市场失灵问题;在技术逻辑上,有为政府激发了市场主体积极应对气候风险的识别和评估动力。

Climate change will have a systemic impact on global economic development.In order to deal with climate risks,western capitalist countries have produced the trend of ecological capitalism,among which ecological marketism has the greatest impact on the climate policies of western countries.Ecological marketism overemphasizes the price guiding role of market mechanism in mechanism logic,which leads to insufficient green investment.The policy logic relies too much on the efficient market theory,which makes it difficult to internalize the negative externalities of corporate carbon emissions.In terms of technical logic,the capital market is difficult to reach a consensus on climate risk pricing and cannot provide technical support.The institutional advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics are as follows.Firstly,the leadership of the Communist Party of China is the most essential feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics,the greatest advantage of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics,and the fundamental guarantee for realizing socialist modernization.Secondly,in terms of mechanism logic,we have broken through the private ownership of capitalist means of production and guided green investment.Thirdly,in terms of policy logic,economic policies have been formulated based on the objective reality of economic and social development to avoid market failure.Fourthly,in terms of technical logic,the promising government has stimulated the market players to actively respond to the identification and assessment of climate risks.