草地生态系统植物群落及碳交换对气候变暖的响应研究进展

Progress on responses of plant community and ecosystem carbon exchange in grasslands to climate warming

气候变暖成为大势所趋。气候变暖与陆地生态系统之间会相互作用、相互影响。草地生态系统约占陆地表面积的1/3,观测与分析草地生态系统植物群落及碳交换对气候变暖的响应有助于进一步预测未来草地生态系统的变化。为此文章重点综述了气候变暖对草地生态系统植物生理生态过程、物种组成、碳交换等方面的影响。研究发现不同地区、不同实验方法取得的研究结果有较大差异。总体而言,气候变暖对高寒草地生态系统有正效应,对热带草地生态系统有负效应,对温带草地生态系统有正/负效应。未来需考虑在全球尺度范围内展开长时间尺度的观测研究与机理研究,进一步明晰草地生态系统对全球变暖的响应。

Climate warming has become the direction of future climate change.Climate warming and terrestrial ecosystem will interact and influence each other.Grassland ecosystem accounts for about 1/3 of land surface area.Observing and analyzing the responses of plant community and ecosystem carbon exchange in grasslands to climate warming will help to further predict changes in grassland ecosystem in the future.This paper reviewed the effects of climate warming on plant physiological and ecological processes,plant community and ecosystem carbon exchange of grasslands.Various results were obtained in different regions and by different experimental methods.Overall,climate warming had a positive effect on alpine grassland ecosystem,a negative effect on tropical grassland ecosystem,and positive/negative effects on temperate grassland ecosystem.In the future,long-term observational studies and mechanism studies on a global scale should be considered to further clarify the responses of grassland ecosystem to global warming.