卷帘舍环境参数与奶牛泌乳性能及行为的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis between Environmental Parameters of Rolling Shed and Lactation Performance and Behavior of Dairy Cow

旨在分析卷帘舍环境参数与奶牛泌乳性能及行为的相关性。本研究选择南北纵墙安装自动卷帘的全舍饲奶牛舍,存栏约200头5~6岁经产的健康荷斯坦泌乳奶牛(3~4胎,体重(650±100)kg)。通过检测该卷帘舍一个自然年度的环境参数,研究温热参数(温、湿度和风速)、气载微生物(细菌和真菌)、粉尘(PM2.5和PM10)和有害气体(二氧化碳(CO_(2))和氨气(NH3))与泌乳性能和行为的相关性。结果表明:1)各项环境参数均表现出季节性规律。真菌(1049.91 cfu·m^(-3))和两种粉尘(PM2.5=17.86μg·m^(-3);PM10=193.07μg·m^(-3))含量夏季最高,细菌含量秋季最高(1.11×104cfu·m^(-3)),而CO_(2)和NH3浓度冬季最高(1302.85 mg·m^(-3);2.51 mg·m^(-3))。2)环境参数与泌乳性能相关性表现出季节性。尤其夏、冬季,夏季温度、湿度与产奶量均呈显著线性负相关(P<0.05),风速与产奶量呈极显著线性正相关(P<0.01);冬季温湿度对产奶量影响较大,温度越高,产奶量越高,呈极显著线性正相关(P<0.01),而湿度表现出相反规律。3)环境参数与行为参数相关性表现出季节性规律。春季温度和CO_(2)是影响行为的主要参数。温度与采食时间、躺卧时间均呈显著线性正相关(P<0.05),CO_(2)浓度与采食时间、躺卧时间呈显著线性负相关(P<0.05);夏季的温、湿度和风速是影响行为的主要参数,温度增加,采食频率显著降低(P<0.05),且饮水频率、单次饮水时间和单次站立时间显著增加(P<0.05,P<0.01)。风速越大,采食时间越长(P<0.05)。另外,温、湿度也是影响冬季行为的主要参数,温度与躺卧时间呈极显著线性正相关(P<0.01)。卷帘奶牛舍的环境参数与泌乳性能、行为参数的相关性表现出季节性规律。夏、冬两季环境参数与泌乳性能的相关性较强,且夏、冬季温、湿度也是影响奶牛行为的主要参数。

The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between environmental parameter of rolling shed and lactation performance and behavior of dairy cows. A cowshed was used, which was equipped with roller shutter on both south and north walls. The 200 healthy multiparous Holstein lactating cows(3 to 4 parity,(650±100) kg body weight, 5 to 6 years old) were used in this study, and indoor ambient parameters of rolling shed were detected for a natural year, as well as lactation performance and cow behavior. The ambient parameters included thermal para-meters(temperature(Ta), relative humidity(RH), wind speed(Ws)), airborne microorganisms(bacteria and fungi), dust(PM2.5and PM10), harmful gases(carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) and ammonia(NH3)). The study was performed to investigate correlation of ambient parameters of rolling shed with lactation or behavior of dairy cow. The results showed that: 1) All ambient parameters demonstrated the seasonal variation. Among seasons, the content of fungus(1 049.91 cfu·m^(-3)) and two kinds of dusts(PM2.5=17.86 μg·m^(-3);PM10=193.07 μg·m^(-3)) were the highest in summer, and bacteria content was the highest in autumn(1.11×10~4cfu·m^(-3)), while CO_(2)concentration(1 302.85 mg·m^(-3)) and NH3concentration(2.51 mg·m^(-3)) exhibited the highest value in winter. 2) The correlation between ambient parameters and lactation performance demonstrated the seasonal variation. Particularly in summer and winter, summer Ta or RH was linearly negatively and significantly correlated(P<0.05) with milk yield, and Ws was linearly positively and signifi-cantly correlated with milk yield(P<0.01). In winter, Ta or RH demonstrated a great influence on milk yield, and milk yield increased with the increasing temperature, showing a linear positive and significant correlation(P<0.01), while the correlation of RH with milk yield showed an opposite law. 3) Correlation between ambient parameters and behavioral parameters showed seasonality. In spring, Ta and CO_(2)were key parameters affecting cow behavior. Ta was linearly positively and significantly correlated with feeding time or lying time(P<0.05), while CO_(2)concentration was linearly negatively and significantly correlated with feeding time or lying time(P<0.05). In summer, Ta, RH and Ws affected mainly cow behavior. With increasing Ta, feeding frequency linearly and significantly decreased(P<0.05), drinking frequency, single drinking time and single standing time linearly and significantly increased(P<0.05, P<0.01). Also, the greater the Ws, the longer the feeding time(P<0.05). In addition, Ta and RH played important roles also in behavior in winter, Ta was linearly positively and significantly correlated with lying time(P<0.01). The correlation between ambient parameters and milk performance or behavior parameters of dairy cows showed seasonal regularity. There was a stronger correlation between environmental parameters and milking performance in both summer and winter, and Ta and RH were key parameters affecting cow behavior.