数学天才儿童的认知神经特征及教育建议

Neurocognitive characteristics of mathematically gifted children and educational suggestions

数学天才儿童是指那些在数学学科上具有卓越能力并且表现出色的有天赋的儿童。与普通儿童相比,数学天才儿童的大脑右半球更活跃,这使得他们的认知能力更强,因为右半球在几何和视觉空间分析方面占主导地位,并且高度参与数学推理和创造力的加工;大脑两个半球间的相互作用增强,因此不需要付出过高的加工成本,就能高效地加工信息,使得个体能更快、更准确地完成数学任务;额顶网络及其双侧加工机制的增强使天才儿童能快速而高效地加工和整合来自额叶和顶叶及其左右半球的各种信息,使得他们在加工数学信息上的速度和准确度都要远远高于普通儿童,同时额顶网络不仅与数学的高阶推理能力有关,也与创造性思维能力有关,因此数学天才儿童在数学逻辑推理以及创造性解题过程中表现突出。教育工作者可以基于这些认知神经特征识别数学天才儿童,并为他们设计相应的课程和教学策略。

Mathematically gifted children refer to those who have excellent ability and performance in mathematics.Compared with ordinary children,the right hemisphere of mathematically gifted children is more active,which enables them to have higher level cognitive ability.The right hemisphere is dominant in geometry and visual spatial analysis,and is highly involved in mathematical reasoning and creative processing.The interaction between the two hemispheres of the brain is enhanced,so the information can be processed efficiently without paying high processing cost,so that the individual can complete mathematical tasks faster and more accurately.The enhancement of fronto-parietal network and its bilateral processing mechanism enables gifted children to quickly and efficiently process and integrate various information from the frontal and parietal lobes in the left and right hemispheres,which makes their speed and accuracy in processing mathematical information much higher than that of ordinary children.At the same time,the fronto-parietal network is not only related to higher-order mathematical reasoning but also to creative thinking.Therefore,the mathematically gifted children are outstanding in the process of mathematical creative problem-solving and in the aspect of mathematical logical reasoning.Based on these neurocognitive characteristics,educators can recognize mathematically gifted children and design corresponding courses and teaching strategies for them.