儿童先天性心脏病术后家属对心脏康复认知及需求的质性研究

Qualitative study on cognitive experience and needs of family members on cardiac rehabilitation after surgery of children with congenital heart disease

目的深入了解儿童先天性心脏病术后家属对心脏康复的认知及需求。方法以目的抽样法于2021年9—11月选取13名先天性心脏病患儿的家属展开半结构式深度访谈,并进行录音,然后利用Colaizzi 7步分析法对访谈资料加以分析,归纳出主题。结果共归纳出2个类属8个主题。类属1:儿童先天性心脏病术后家属对心脏康复的认知有限,包括对心脏康复的内容理解匮乏、了解心脏康复知识途径单一、对患儿术后心脏康复的意识淡薄但态度积极3个主题。类属2:儿童先天性心脏病术后家属对心脏康复的需求多元化,包括疾病的知识和信息获取需求、术后照顾及应对技能需求、专业性及非专业性社会支持需求、心理安慰和疏导需求、延续性护理场景需求5个主题。结论医护人员应增强儿童先天性心脏病术后家属对心脏康复的认知,拓展其获取权威知识的渠道,同时提供多方协作、多样化、具有针对性的干预方式,促进先天性心脏病患儿的心脏康复。

Objective To understand the real experience of family members’cognition and needs of cardiac rehabilitation after surgery of children with congenital heart disease.Methods From September to November 2021,13 family members of hospitalized children with congenital heart disease were selected to conduct semi-structured in-depth interviews by the purposeful sampling method,and were recorded.Then,the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the interview data and summarize the themes.Results A total of 2 categories and 8 themes were summarized.The first category was family members having limited awareness of cardiac rehabilitation,including lack of understanding of the content of cardiac rehabilitation,limited way to understand cardiac rehabilitation knowledge,and weak awareness of postoperative cardiac rehabilitation in children but positive attitude.The second category was family members having diverse needs for cardiac rehabilitation,including the disease knowledge and information acquisition needs,postoperative care and coping skills needs,professional and non-professional social support needs,psychological comfort and counseling needs,and continuous nursing scene needs.Conclusion Medical staff should enhance the awareness of family members of children with congenital heart disease on cardiac rehabilitation,expand their access to authoritative knowledge,and provide multi-cooperative,diversified,and targeted intervention methods to promote the rehabilitation of children with congenital heart disease.