江苏省二孩家庭中学龄前儿童同胞关系现况及影响因素研究

Study on current situation and influencing factors of sibling relationships among preschool children in two-child families in Jiangsu Province

目的了解江苏省城市二孩家庭学龄前儿童同胞关系现况,探讨学龄前儿童同胞关系的影响因素,为促进学龄前期儿童同胞关系的积极发展提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2019年3—7月,采用3~6岁城市儿童家庭养育环境量表、4~16岁Achenbach儿童行为量表、自拟学龄前儿童同胞关系问卷及家庭一般情况调查问卷,对江苏省7座城市中筛选的2064名符合条件的学龄前儿童进行调查。采用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析及多元线性回归对同胞关系的影响因素进行分析。结果同胞亲密与良好及中等家庭养育环境呈正相关(P<0.05),与同胞年龄差呈负相关(P<0.05)。同胞冲突与同胞年龄差、良好及中等家庭养育环境、父亲民主的教养方式呈正相关(P<0.05),与行为量表结果呈负相关(P<0.05)。同胞竞争与良好的家庭养育环境、同胞年龄差、父母亲民主的教养方式呈正相关(P<0.05),与行为量表结果及家庭收入呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论头胎与二胎年龄间隔大,可以减少同胞间冲突与竞争的发生,但不利于同胞亲密关系。良好的家庭养育环境、父母亲民主的教养模式,有利于学龄前儿童同胞关系的促进。儿童存在行为问题,不利于同胞关系的积极发展。

Objective To describe the current status of sibling relationship among preschool children in urban twochild families in Jiangsu Province,explore the influencing factors of sibling relationship among preschool children,and provide a theoretical basis for promoting the positive development of sibling relationship among preschool children.Methods By using the method of stratified cluster sampling,from March to July 2019,2064 eligible preschool children from 7 cities in Jiangsu Province were selected.The 3-6-year-old urban children’s family parenting environment questionnaire,4-16-year-old Achenbach children’s behavior checklist(CBCL),self-prepared preschool children’s sibling relationship questionnaire,and family general situation questionnaire were used to investigate.Independent sample t-test,one-way ANOVA,and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of sibling relationship.Results Sibling intimacy was positively correlated with good and moderate family upbringing(P<0.05),but negatively correlated with sibling age difference(P<0.05).Sibling conflict was positively correlated with sibling age difference,good,and moderate family upbringing,and father’s democratic parenting style(P<0.05),but negatively correlated with CBCL results(P<0.05).Sibling competition was positively correlated with good family upbringing environment,sibling age difference,and parents’democratic parenting style(P<0.05),but negatively correlated with CBCL results and family income(P<0.05).Conclusion The large age gap between the first and second child can reduce the occurrence of sibling conflict and competition,but it is not conducive to sibling intimacy.A good family upbringing environment and the democratic parenting pattern of parents are conducive to the promotion of sibling relationships among preschool children.Children with behavioral problems are not conducive to the promotion of sibling relationships.