民事审前准备程序的完善与证据失权制度的重构

Perfection of Pre-trial Procedure and Reconstruction of the Evidence Disqualification System

从2001年到2015年,我国的证据失权制度从严格适用走向了基本搁置。梳理证据失权制度与民事审前准备程序之间的关系,分析域外国家能够构建起相对严格的证据失权制度并加以适用的原因之后发现,目前我国缺少独立且具有实质意义的审前准备程序,以及立法上对证据失权制度的设计存在缺陷,是我国证据失权制度在司法实践中很少被适用的原因。因此,应当在完善我国民事审前准备程序的基础上,修改现行立法中关于证据失权的构成要件,重构宽严相济的证据失权制度。

In the short span of more than ten years from 2001 to 2015,the disqualification of evidence system in China has gone from being strictly applied to basically not being used.After analyzing the relationship between the disqualification of evidence and the civil pre-trial preparation procedure,and the reasons why foreign countries can build a relatively strict disqualification of evidence system and apply it,it can be found that lacking an independent and meaningful pre-trial preparation procedure and the legislative flaws in the design of the disqualification of evidence system are the reasons why the disqualification of evidence is dying out in judicial practice.In this regard,on the basis of perfecting our country's civil pre-trial preparation procedure,the constitutive elements of disqualification of evidence in the current legislation should be revised,and the system of disqualification of evidence should be reconstructed with combination of punishment and leniency.