营商环境优化、人力资本效应与企业劳动生产率

Business Environment Optimization,Human Capital Effect and Firm Labor Productivity

基于制度变迁的视角,本文以2015~2018年中国沪深A股上市公司数据,实证检验营商环境优化对企业劳动生产率的影响及其机制。研究发现:营商环境优化对企业劳动生产率具有正向影响;机制检验表明,营商环境优化通过改善宏观层面市场公平竞争环境、法制环境及商业信用环境,促进微观层面人力资本升级、员工权益保护和提升员工信任度,从而提高企业劳动生产率;拓展性检验发现,营商环境优化对企业劳动生产率的正向作用在非国有企业和劳动密集型企业中更为显著。本文研究重点关注了宏观制度软环境优化产生的正向人力资本效应,进而改善微观企业生产经营。这不仅丰富了相关研究文献,拓展了宏微观整合的研究视角,也对提升企业生产经营效率、实现经济高质量发展具有启示意义。

From the perspective of institutional change,this paper uses the data of China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed com-panies from 2015 to 2018 to empirically test the impact of business environment optimization on firm labor productivity and its mechanism.The results show that the business environment optimization has a positive impact on firm labor productivity.The mechanism test shows thatbusiness environment optimization promotes the upgrading of human capital,the protection of employees’rights and interests and the trust ofemployees at the micro level by improving the market fair competition environment,legal environment and business credit environment at themacro level,so as to improve labor productivity.The extended test finds that the positive effect of business environment optimization on firm la-bor productivity is more significant in non-state-owned enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises.This paper focuses on the positive humancapital effect brought by the soft environment optimization of macro institutions,thus improving the production and operation of micro enterpris-es.This not only expands the relevant research literature,enriches the research perspective of macro and micro integration,but also has enlight-enment significance for improving the production and operation efficiency of enterprises and realizing high-quality economic development.