复合益生菌对猪生长性能、腹泻率、肠道菌群及代谢物和猪舍氨气浓度的影响

Effects of Compound Probiotics on Growth Performance,Diarrhea Rate,Intestinal Microflora,Metabolites of Pigs and Ammonia Concentration in Pig House

本试验旨在研究添加复合益生菌对猪生长性能、腹泻率、肠道菌群和代谢物和猪舍氨气浓度的影响。试验1:从1000头猪中挑选体重[(15.5±0.5)kg]相近的猪40头备用,将剩余的960头猪根据体重和性别平均分在2组(每组16个重复,每个重复30头),分别放在2个栋舍中监测氨气浓度,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂添加复合益生菌(主要成分是枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母等)的试验饲粮。每个栋舍再随机挑选平均体重[(15.5±0.5)kg]接近的3栏猪(3个重复,每个重复30头)观察猪腹泻情况。试验期30 d。试验2:将试验1中挑选出的40头猪在另一个栋舍中随机分为2组(每组4个重复,每个重复5头)对猪只料重比、肠道菌群及代谢物进行研究。试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,添加复合益生菌能显著提高平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低料重比和室内氨气浓度(P<0.05);添加复合益生菌组肠道菌群的α多样性指数中Shannon指数显著提高(P<0.05);物种差异判别分析(LEfSe)发现,瘤胃菌科的相对丰度显著上升(P<0.05);代谢组学KEGG通路富集到组氨酸代谢、瞬时受体电位(TRP)通道响应、腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)通路和磷脂信号通路等。综上所述,添加复合益生菌能够显著提高猪的生长性能,降低室内氨气浓度,提高胃肠道菌群多样性,改变猪肠道的代谢。

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of the addition of compound probiotics on growth performance,diarrhea rate of pigs and ammonia concentration in pig house,as well as the intestinal flora and metabolites of pigs.Experiment 1:forty pigs with similar body weight[(15.5±0.5)kg]were selected from 1000 pigs for reserve.The remaining 960 pigs were randomly divided into two groups(16 replicates per group and 30 piglets per replicate)and placed in two buildings to monitor the ammonia concentration.Pigs in the control group were fed a basal diet,and those in the experimental group were fed a basal diet supplemented with complex probiotics(mainly composed of Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus coagulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae).Three columns of pigs with similar body weight(three replicates,30 piglets per replicate)were randomly selected from each building to observe the diarrhea.The experiment lasted for 30 days.Experiment 2:the 40 pigs selected in experiment 1 were placed in another house,and were randomly divided into two groups(4 replicates,5 pigs per replicate)and the feed to gain ratio,intestinal microflora and metabolites of pigs were studied in another building.The control group was fed the basal diet,and the experimental group was fed the basal diet supplemented with compound probiotics for a trial period of 30 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the addition of probiotics could significantly increase the average daily gain of pigs(P<0.05),significantly reduce the feed to gain ratio and indoor ammonia concentration(P<0.05).the Shannon index of theαdiversity index of the intestinal microflora in the probiotic group was significantly increased(P<0.05);species difference discriminant analysis(LEfSe)showed that the relative abundance of rumen bacteria was significantly increased;metabolomics KEGG pathways were enriched to histidine metabolism,transient receptor potential(TRP)channel response,adenosine activates protein kinase(AMPK)pathway and phospholipid signaling pathway,etc.In summary,the addition of probiotics can significantly improve the growth performance of pigs,reduce the indoor ammonia concentration,improve the diversity of intestinal microflora,and change the metabolism of the intestinal tract.