地衣芽孢杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能以及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on Growth Performance,Immune and Antioxidant Functions and Intestinal Microbiota of Yellow-Feathered Broilers

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能以及盲肠短链脂肪酸(SCFA)含量和微生物区系的影响。选择360只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,随机分为3个组,每组8个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加500和1000 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌(活菌数为1×109CFU/g)的饲粮。试验期28 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)饲粮添加1000 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌显著降低肉鸡平均日采食量和料重比(P<0.05);2)饲粮添加1000 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌显著提高肉鸡法氏囊指数和胸腺指数以及血清免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白Y和抗炎因子白细胞介素-10含量(P<0.05),饲粮添加500和1000 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌显著降低血清促炎因子白细胞介素-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α含量(P<0.05);3)饲粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌显著提高肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05);4)饲粮添加1000 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌显著提高肉鸡盲肠内容物乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸和戊酸含量(P<0.05);5)饲粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够提高肉鸡盲肠微生物丰富度和多样性,显著提高盲肠乳杆菌属相对丰度(P<0.05),且饲粮添加500 mg/kg地衣芽孢杆菌显著降低盲肠螺杆菌属相对丰度(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌能够提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能以及盲肠SCFA含量,提高盲肠微生物多样性,并以1000 mg/kg添加水平效果较佳。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance,immune and antioxidant functions,cecal short chain fatty acid(SCFA)content and microbiota of yellow-feathered broilers.A total of 360 yellow-feathered broilers of 1-day-old were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Broilers in the control group were fed a basal diet,and the others in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 500 and 1000 mg/kg Bacillus licheniformis(viable count was 1×10~9 CFU/g),respectively.The experiment lasted for 28 days.The results showed as follows,compared with the control group:1)dietary 1000 mg/kg Bacillus licheniformis significantly decreased the average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio of broilers(P<0.05);2)dietary 1000 mg/kg Bacillus licheniformis significantly increased the indices of bursa of Fabricius and thymus and the serum contents of immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin Y and anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 of broilers(P<0.05),and dietary 500 and 1000 mg/kg Bacillus licheniformis significantly decreased the serum contents of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-α(P<0.05);3)dietary Bacillus licheniformis significantly increased the serum total antioxidant capacity of broilers(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the serum malondialdehyde content(P<0.05);4)dietary 1000 mg/kg Bacillus licheniformis significantly increased the contents of acetic acid,propionic acid,isobutyric acid and valeric acid in cecal contents of broilers(P<0.05);5)dietary Bacillus licheniformis increased the cecal microbial richness and diversity of broilers,and significantly increased the Lactobacillus relative abundance in cecum(P<0.05),in which the dietary 500 mg/kg Bacillus licheniformis significantly decreased the Helicobacter relative abundance in cecum(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary Bacillus licheniformis can improve the growth performance,immune and antioxidant functions,cecal SCFA content,and cecal microbial diversity of yellow-feathered broilers,and the supplemental level of 1000 mg/kg has a better effect.