低非植酸磷饲粮添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭产蛋性能、种蛋蛋壳品质和孵化性能及子代骨骼发育的影响

Effects of Phytase Supplementation in Low Non-Phytate Phosphorus Diet on Laying Performance,Eggshell Quality,Hatching Performance and Offspring Skeleton Development of Laying Duck Breeders

本试验通过研究在低非植酸磷(NPP)饲粮中添加植酸酶对蛋种鸭产蛋性能、种蛋蛋壳品质和孵化性能、子代骨骼指标和粪磷含量的影响,旨在明确低NPP水平饲粮与植酸酶在蛋种鸭中的应用效果。试验采用2×2两因素完全随机试验设计,其中NPP水平分别为0.18%和0.25%,植酸酶添加水平分别为0和500 FTU/kg。试验选取54周龄龙岩山麻鸭种母鸭240只,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只,单笼饲养。试验期27周。结果表明:1)0.25%NPP组蛋种鸭平均日采食量显著低于0.18%NPP组(P<0.05)。饲粮NPP和植酸酶水平对蛋种鸭产蛋率、平均蛋重、日产蛋重和料蛋比均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)0.25%NPP组出壳雏鸭体重显著高于0.18%NPP组(P<0.05)。饲粮NPP和植酸酶水平对出壳雏鸭体重有显著的交互作用(P<0.05),其中0.18%NPP+500 FTU/kg植酸酶组出壳雏鸭体重显著高于0.18%NPP+未添加植酸酶组(P<0.05),且与0.25%NPP+500 FTU/kg植酸酶组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲粮NPP和植酸酶水平对种蛋蛋壳相对重量、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、受精率、受精蛋孵化率和健雏率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)0.25%NPP组蛋种鸭子代雏鸭龙骨长显著高于0.18%NPP组(P<0.05)。4)0.25%NPP组蛋种鸭血浆甲状旁腺素含量显著高于0.18%NPP组(P<0.05)。5)0.25%NPP组蛋种鸭粪水溶性磷含量显著高于0.18%NPP组(P<0.05)。与未添加植酸酶相比,饲粮中添加500 FTU/kg植酸酶显著降低粪总磷含量(P<0.05)。由此可见,蛋种鸭饲粮NPP水平从0.18%提高至0.25%,能够显著提高雏鸭出壳体重和龙骨长;在NPP水平为0.18%的饲粮中添加500 FTU/kg植酸酶可显著改善雏鸭出壳体重,降低蛋种鸭粪磷含量。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of phytase supplementation in low non-phytate phosphorus(NPP)diet on laying performance,eggshell quality and hatching performance,offspring skeleton indexes and fecal phosphorus content of laying duck breeders,in order to determine the application effects of low NPP diet and phytase.A 2×2 two-factor completely randomized trial design was used,with NPP levels of 0.18%and 0.25%and phytase supplemental levels of 0 and 500 FTU/kg,respectively.A total of 240 female Longyan Shanma laying duck breeders of 54-week-old were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 ducks per replicate.All birds were fed in a single cage.The trial lasted for 27 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily feed intake of laying duck breeders in 0.25%NPP group was significantly lower than that in 0.18%NPP group(P<0.05).Dietary NPP and phytase levels had no significant effects on the laying rate,average egg weight,daily egg weight and feed to egg ratio of laying duck breeders(P>0.05).2)The body weight of hatchling ducklings in 0.25%NPP group was significantly higher than that in 0.18%NPP group(P<0.05).Dietary NPP and phytase levels had a significant interaction effect on the body weight of hatchling ducklings(P<0.05),the body weight of hatchling ducklings in 0.18%NPP+500 FTU/kg phytase group was significantly higher than that in 0.18%NPP+no phytase supplementation group(P<0.05),and had no significant difference compared with 0.25%NPP+500 FTU/kg phytase group(P>0.05).Dietary NPP and phytase levels had no significant effects on the eggshell relative weight,eggshell strength,eggshell thickness,fertilization rate,fertilized egg hatching rate and healthy duckling rate of breeding eggs(P>0.05).3)The keel length of offspring ducklings in 0.25%NPP group was significantly higher than that in 0.18%NPP group(P<0.05).4)The plasma parathyroid hormone content of laying duck breeders in 0.25%NPP group was significantly higher than that in 0.18%NPP group(P<0.05).5)The water-soluble phosphorus content in feces of laying duck breeders in 0.25%NPP group was significantly higher than that in 0.18%NPP group(P<0.05).Compared with no phytase supplementation,dietary supplementation with 500 FTU/kg phytase significantly decreased the fecal total phosphorus content(P<0.05).In conclusion,increasing dietary NPP level from 0.18%to 0.25%for laying duck breeders can increase the hatchling body weight and keel length of their offspring,and the diet at the level of 0.18%NPP with 500 FTU/kg phytase supplementation can improve the hatchling body weight of ducklings and decrease the fecal phosphorus content in laying duck breeders.