开口饲料对中华鲟仔鱼生长性能、消化酶活性以及抗氧化和免疫功能的影响

Effects of Initial Feed on Growth Performance,Digestive Enzyme Activities,Antioxidant and Immune Function of Larvae of Chinese Sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)

本试验旨在探究配合饲料替代水蚯蚓作为中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)仔鱼开口饵料的可行性。试验选用刚开口的1200尾中华鲟仔鱼,平均体重为(86.57±3.05)mg、平均体长为(28.40±0.28)mm,随机分为水蚯蚓组和开口饲料组,每组3个重复,每个重复200尾。投喂水蚯蚓和开口饲料9 d后,研究开口饲料对中华鲟仔鱼生长性能、存活率、消化酶活性以及抗氧化和免疫功能的影响。结果表明:1)开口饲料的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量均低于水蚯蚓,而粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量高于水蚯蚓。2)与水蚯蚓组比,开口饲料组中华鲟仔鱼终末体重、终末体长、增重率和特定生长率显著降低(P<0.05),但存活率无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与水蚯蚓组比,开口饲料组鱼体淀粉酶、脂肪酶和碱性磷酸酶活性以及总胆汁酸含量显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与水蚯蚓组比,开口饲料组鱼体总抗氧化能力和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),活性氧和丙二醛含量显著提高(P<0.05),同时免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M含量及溶菌酶活性也显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,与水蚯蚓相比,开口饲料诱食性差会降低中华鲟仔鱼生长性能,但中华鲟仔鱼在一定程度上可以通过提高自身消化酶活性及机体免疫力来适应开口饲料。

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the feasibility of using compound feed instead of tubifex as the initial diet for larvae of Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis).A total of 1200 newly first-feeding larvae of Chinese sturgeon,with an average body weight of(86.57±3.05)mg and an average body length of(28.40±0.28)mm,were randomly divided into tubifex group and initial feed group with 3 replicates per group and 200 fish per replicate.After 9 days of feeding tubifex and initial feed,the effects of initial feed on growth performance,survival rate,digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant and immune function of larvae of Chinese sturgeon were studied.The results showed as follows:1)the contents of total amino acid,essential amino acid and umami amino acid in initial feed were lower than those in tubifex,while the contents of crude protein and crude fat were higher than those in tubifex.2)Compared with the tubifex group,the final body weight,final body length,weight gain rate and specific growth rate of larvae of Chinese sturgeon in the initial feed group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in survival rate(P>0.05).3)Compared with the tubifex group,the activities of amylase,lipase and alkaline phosphatase and the total bile acid content of fish in the initial feed group were significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the tubifex group,the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity in the initial feed group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the contents of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the contents of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M and the lysozyme activity of were also significantly increased(P<0.05).In conclusion,compared with tubifex,the growth performance of larvae of Chinese sturgeon can be reduced by the poor feeding ability of initial feed.However,larvae of Chinese sturgeon can adapt to initial feed by improving their digestive enzyme activities and body immunity to a certain extent.