直接法与替代法评价比格犬饲粮中鸡肉粉的有效能值

Evaluated Effective Energy Values of Chicken Meal in Beagle’s Diet by Direct and Substitution Method

本试验旨在比较直接法与替代法测定鸡肉粉在成年雌性比格犬饲粮中的有效能值。选用6只体重为(9.67±0.52)kg的12月龄雌性比格犬,采用5×6的不完全拉丁方设计,设置5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只犬。直接法采用100%鸡肉粉饲粮(100%组);替代法饲喂基础饲粮(0组)和3个试验饲粮,3个试验饲粮分别以15%(15%组)、30%(30%组)、45%(45%组)的鸡肉粉替代基础饲粮。试验分5期进行,每期10 d(预试期3 d,正试期7 d)。结果表明:1)100%组饲粮的干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总能表观消化率显著高于替代法各组饲粮(P<0.05)。粗纤维表观消化率为100%组>45%组>30%组>15%组>0组,组间差异显著(P<0.05)。30%组与45%组干物质、有机物和粗脂肪表观消化率不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。2)100%组饲粮的消化能、代谢能显著高于替代法各组饲粮(P<0.05);但代谢能与消化能比值显著低于替代法各组饲粮(P<0.05)。各组间净能、净能与代谢能比值差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)对于原料鸡肉粉的营养物质表观消化率测定以及能值评定,替代法计算所得的30%组与45%组干物质、粗脂肪的表观消化率,以及消化能与净能不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。各组间鸡肉粉代谢能不存在显著差异(P>0.05)。100%组与45%组净能与代谢能比值分别为86.24%和80.10%,差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著低于30%组(P<0.05)。4)100%组犬粪便含水量与粪便评分均显著高于替代法组(P<0.05),其中粪便评分为4.63,代表出现腹泻。45%组粪便评分(3.50)显著高于30%组(2.90)(P<0.05),同样对动物健康存在潜在危害。综上所述,在比格犬中使用直接法与替代法测定鸡肉粉的有效能值时,不同方法和不同替代比例显著影响评价结果,本试验条件下,测定犬粮中鸡肉粉的有效能值适宜的替代比例为30%。

The experiment aimed to compare effective energy values of chicken meal in adult female beagle’s diet evaluated by direct and substitution methods.Six 12-month-old female beagle weighted(9.67±0.52)kg were used and divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 dog per replicate according to a 5×6 incomplete Latin square design.Fed the full chicken meal diet for direct method(100% group),a basal diet(0 group)selected,and three experimental diets with 15%(15% group),30%(30%group)and 45%(45% group)chicken meal replacing the basal diet respectively for substitution method.The experiment was carried out in 5 periods lasted for 10 d including 3 d pretest period and 7 d test period.The results showed as follows:1)the apparent digestibility of dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM),crude protein(CP),ether extract(EE),gross energy(GE),digestible energy(DE)and metabolizable energy(ME)in 100% group were significantly higher than that in substitution groups(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of crude fiber(CF)showed that 100% group>45% group>30% group>15% group>0 group,and significant difference were found among groups(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM and EE was no difference between the 30% and 45%groups(P>0.05).2)The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,EE and GE in 100%group was significantly higher than that in substitution groups(P<0.05).The CF apparent digestibility was 100% group>45% group>30% group>15% group>0 group,and significantly different among all groups(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and EE between 30%group and 45% group(P>0.05).3)In measurement of digestibility and energy assessment of chicken meal,the apparent digestibility of OM and EE,ME:NE were no significant difference between 30% groups and 45% group(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in ME between the direct and substitution methods(P>0.05).There was no difference in NE:ME between 100% group and 45% group(P>0.05);but was significantly lower than that in 30% group(P<0.05).4)The fecal water content and fecal score were significantly higher in direct method than in substitution method(P<0.05),the fecal score was 4.63,which represented with diarrhea.The 45% group(3.50)had a significant higher fecal score than the 30% group(2.90)(P<0.05),which caused potential danger on animal health.In conclusion,when direct method and substitution method are used to determine the effective energy value of chicken meal in beagle dogs,different methods and different substitution ratio significantly affect the evaluation results.Under the conditions of this experiment,the appropriate substitution ratio of effective energy value of chicken meal in dog feed is 30%.