棉田残膜回收机械研究现状及发展趋势

Research status and development trend of residual film recycling machinery in cotton field

棉花地膜覆盖栽培技术提高了水分的利用率和棉花的产量,随着地膜的连年使用,棉田残膜含量不断增加,已造成严重的“白色污染”,影响棉花的种植和产量。PE地膜被替代前,机械化回收是解决残膜污染的必要手段。通过对残膜回收机械的起膜装置、拾膜装置、脱膜装置、集膜装置、清杂装置等方面介绍残膜回收机械的研究现状和特点。分析棉田残膜回收机械的应用情况,存在耕层残膜回收率低、膜杂分离效率低、作业部件适应性不强、作业质量不稳定等问题,针对残膜、秸秆、土壤的特性和生产实际,提出研发全耕层地膜回收机具、改进膜杂分离装置、创新作业部件仿形技术、提高智能监控水平的研发方向。

Cotton plastic film mulching cultivation technology has improved the water utilization rate and cotton yield. With the continuous use of plastic film, the content of residual film in cotton field is increasing, which has caused serious “white pollution” and affected the planting and yield of cotton. Before PE film is replaced, mechanized recycling is a necessary means to solve the pollution of residual film. This paper introduces the research status and characteristics of residual film recovery machinery from the aspects of film lifting device, film picking device, film stripping device, film collecting device and impurity cleaning device. The application of residual film recovery machinery in cotton field is analyzed. There are some problems, such as low recovery rate of residual film in plough layer, low separation efficiency of membrane impurities, weak adaptability of working parts, unstable operation quality and so on. According to the characteristics and production practice of residual film, straw and soil, the research and development direction is proposed to develop full plough film recovery equipment, improve membrane impurity separation device, innovate profiling technology of working parts, and improve the level of intelligent monitoring.