中小学校园欺凌刑事证据适用的困境与对策--以“多元求真印证”为主线

Difficulties and Countermeasures in the Application of Criminal Evidence of Campus Bullying in Primary and Secondary Schools--with the“Multiple-Verification”as the Thread

中小学校园欺凌具有隐蔽性、持续性、复杂性等特点,可能涉及财产侵犯与人身伤害类犯罪和精神损害与信息网络型犯罪。在刑事诉讼的严格印证模式下,相应的刑事证据适用仍存在诸如客观证据的取证和认定困难、言词证据在司法实践中的阻却事由、社会调查报告的证据效力局限等困境。为了达成校园欺凌刑事证据适用过程中实体规范和程序规范的衔接契合,可采取以“多元求真印证”调适刑事证据适用原理、增益客观证据的采纳采信保障机制、补强并规范言词证据的适用标准、完善社会调查报告的程序内容等对策。

Bullying in primary and secondary schools has the characteristics of concealment,durability and complexity,which may involve crimes of property infringement and personal injury,as well as crimes of mental damage and information network.Under the strict verification mode of criminal procedure,there are still some difficulties in the application of criminal evidence,such as the difficulty of obtaining and identifying objective evidence,the reasons for blocking verbal evidence in judicial practice,and the limitation of the evidence effectiveness of social investigation reports.Therefore,in order to achieve the convergence of substantive norms and procedural norms in the application of criminal evidence towards school bullying,we can adjust the applicable principle of criminal evidence by means of“multiple verification”,gaining the guarantee mechanism for the adoption and acceptance of objective evidence,strengthening and standardizing the applicable standards of verbal evidence,and improving the procedural content of social investigation reports.