公共卫生的风险预防及规制

Risk Prevention and Regulation in Public Health

当面临不确定性健康风险时,公共卫生具有预防取向,其规制应秉持风险预防观念;传染病防治、生物安全等公共卫生领域的风险预防,有利于更好地保护公众健康、降低健康风险,但由于生物病原体及其引发传染病的不确定性和变动性,其规制措施的启动和实施,具有较大裁量空间,且容易侵害个人权利,故须对潜在健康危害及其在科学上的不确定性作科学的辨识和评估;在规制应对层面,执政者除应进行尺度宽松的合比例性分析、努力实现妥当规制之外,还应持续学习、适时调整规制措施,和公众共同决策,以构建公开、透明、动态的规制体系。

When faced with uncertain health risks,public health has a preventive orientation,and public health regulation should uphold the concept of risk prevention.Risk prevention in the field of public health,such as infectious disease prevention and biosecurity,is conducive to better protecting public health and reducing health risks.However,due to the uncertainty and variability of biological pathogens and infectious diseases caused by them,the initiation and implementation of regulatory measures have a large discretionary space,and it is easy to infringe on individual rights.Therefore,it is necessary to scientifically identify and evaluate potential health hazards and their scientific uncertainties.At the level of regulatory response,in addition to carrying out a loose-scale proportionality analysis and striving to achieve proper regulation,the government should also continue to learn,timely adjust regulatory measures and make joint decisions with the public,so as to build an open,transparent and dynamic regulatory system.