膝关节半月板损伤的保守治疗研究进展

Conservative Treatment Research Progress of Knee Joint Meniscus Injury

中医治疗膝关节半月板损伤主要采用中药内服、中药熏洗、中药外敷、针灸疗法、推拿疗法、中医综合疗法等;西医治疗膝关节半月板损伤主要包括关节腔穿刺冲洗、口服非甾体抗炎药、关节腔注射玻璃酸钠、盐酸氨基葡萄糖治疗、关节腔注射富血小板血浆、关节腔注射臭氧、关节腔注射干细胞等。保守治疗对于大部分半月板损伤患者有较好疗效,避免了手术治疗带来的创伤、软骨损伤、膝骨关节炎等远近期并发症,但对于膝关节半月板损伤有弹响和交锁症状的患者,疗效不佳,应该尽早行手术治疗。目前,保守治疗方法众多,但疗效评判标准不统一,针对半月板损伤类型的治疗标准,缺少统一高效的一种或几种联合保守治疗方法。今后,应进一步研究如何运用合理高效的保守治疗方法对半月板损伤进行治疗,提高患者生活质量。

TCM treatments of knee joint meniscus injury mainly include oral administration of Chinese medicinals, fumigation and washing of Chinese medicinals, external application of Chinese medicinals, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, massage therapy, TCM comprehensive treatment, etc;Western medicine treatments of knee joint meniscus injury mainly include joint cavity puncture and flushing, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, joint cavity injection of sodium hyaluronate, glucosamine hydrochloride, joint cavity injection of platelet rich plasma, joint cavity injection of ozone, joint cavity injection of stem cells.Conservative treatment has a good effect on most patients with meniscus injury, avoiding the long-term and short-term complications such as trauma, cartilage injury, knee osteoarthritis caused by surgical treatment.However, for patients with knee joint meniscus injury with symptoms of bounce and interlocking, the effect is not good, and surgery should be performed as soon as possible.At present, there are many conservative treatments, but the evaluation criteria for efficacy are not unified.There is a lack of unified and efficient one or several combined conservative treatment methods for meniscus injury types.In the future, it is necessary to further study how to use reasonable and efficient conservative treatment methods to treat meniscus injury and improve the quality of life of patients.