基于散射增强光纤的分布式声波传感研究进展

Research Progress of Distributed Acoustic Sensing Based on Scattering Enhanced Optical Fiber

基于相位敏感光时域反射技术的分布式声波传感(DAS)系统可实现大范围分布式的声波探测,近年来,在油气勘探、地质成像、管道安全、周界安防等应用领域受到研究关注。本文论述了光纤DAS技术的传感原理,分析了单模光纤的衰落机理和性能瓶颈。针对此问题,分别介绍了多种散射增强光纤的增效机理与声波传感性能。进一步,围绕微结构散射增强光纤DAS系统,综述了其近年来的技术与应用进展,并展望了其未来可能的发展方向。

Fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing(DAS)based on phase sensitive time domain reflectometry can realize largescale distributed acoustic detection,which has attracted the research attention in many application fields in recent years,such as oil and gas exploration,geological imaging,pipeline safety and perimeter security.In this paper,the sensing principle of fiber optic DAS is discussed,and the fading mechanism and performance bottleneck of single mode fiber DAS are analyzed.To solve these problems,the acoustic sensing mechanisms and performances of various scattering enhanced fibers are introduced.Furthermore,the recent technologies and applications of the microstructured scattering enhanced optical fiberbased DAS system are briefly reviewed,and the possible development directions of DAS technology in the future is prospected.