基于光纤马赫-曾德尔任意偏振高斯光束干涉研究

Interference of Two Gaussian Beam with Arbitrary Polarization Based on Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

光的干涉图样携带了光波的振幅、频率、相位和偏振等重要的信息,而两束任意偏振态高斯光束干涉尚未被详细研究,因此研究高斯光束的偏振态与干涉图样之间存在的关联很有必要。本文利用光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪,对任意偏振态高斯光束空间干涉场进行了研究,得到了任意偏振态高斯光束干涉光强空间分布理论公式,并通过实验进行了验证。研究表明:两束偏振态完全相同高斯光束干涉,可以得到对比度为1的清晰干涉条纹图样;两束正交偏振态高斯光束无干涉现象,对比度为0;其他偏振条件下高斯光束干涉图样对比度介于0和1之间。本文理论和实验结果对于理解和应用偏振光干涉具有非常重要的意义。

Important information such as amplitude,frequency,phase and polarization was encoded in the interference pattern.One important phenomenon that has not been studied in detail is the interference of two Gaussian beams with any polarization state.It is necessary to find a relation between polarization of light and interference pattern.In this paper,a fiber MachZehnder interferometer was used to produce light with spatially varying polarization.A general expression for the light intensity distribution is derived for interference of two Gaussian beams with arbitrary polarization.The theory is validated by experiment.The research shows that various interference patterns can be generated as the polarization is changed.Two Gaussian beams with the same polarization states can interfere and clear interference fringes were observed.Two Gaussian beams with orthogonal polarizations can not interfere and no interference fringes are observed.In other cases,the fringe contrast varies between 0 and 1.This study is very helpful in understanding and applying the interference of polarized light.