现代汉语“的_(d)句”的结构关系与认知机制

The Structural Relationship and Cognitive Mechanism of “De Sentence” in Modern Chinese

汉语里有一个表示“关心、嗔怪、威胁”的句式,是由一个兼语形式加“的”构式化形成的。“的”既是结构助词也是语气助词,其作用一是根据表达的要求来调整兼语式“控制”的力度,或从轻体现为关心、允诺,或从重体现为嗔怪、揶揄、威胁;另一个作用是使兼语式状态化,依据其兼语形式的V_(2)词性不同,分别形成了动态句和状态句。

In Chinese, there is a sentence pattern that expresses “concern, rebuke and threat”,which is formed by “de” sentencewith subjective-object structure. As a structural particle and atoneparticle, “de”can “control” the power of subjective-object structure according to the requirements of expression: from mild concern and promise torebuke, ridicule and threat;“de”also can make subjective-object structurestateful. In accordance with subjective-object structure V_(2),different parts of speech form dynamic sentences and state sentencesrespectively.