古典政治哲学与《资本论》的当代激活

Classical political philosophy and contemporary activation of Das Kapital

将研究视角从近代政治哲学转换到古典政治哲学,是拓展《资本论》政治哲学激活研究的一种路径。古希腊哲人关于经济生活与政治生活关系的理解,为阐明《资本论》的政治哲学意义开辟了新的空间。《资本论》将价值二重性和劳动二重性引入现代经济形式分析,继承并发展了古典政治哲学对于经济生活的政治和道德意义的理解,为重塑现代人的经济存在和政治存在的主体地位奠定了基础。《资本论》的政治哲学主题既不是悬置超越物质生产方式之上的绝对正义,也不是纠缠于资本主义财富分配是否公平的分配正义,而是通过指认资本主义生产方式和分配正义的历史必然性和局限性,超越近代自由主义政治哲学塑造的“特殊正义”幻象,实现以人的自由全面发展为内涵的“普遍正义”。

To shift the research perspective from modern political philosophy to classical political philosophy is a way to expand the political philosophy activation of Das Kapital.The ancient Greek philosophers'understanding of the relationship between economic life and political life opened up a new space for clarifying the significance of the political philosophy of Das Kapital.Das Kapital introduces the duality of both value and labor into the analysis of modern economic forms,inherits and develops the understanding of the political and ethical significance of the classical political philosophy to economic life,and lays a new foundation for reshaping modern beings'economic existence and political existence as the subject.The theme of political philosophy in Das Kapital is neither"absolute justice"that dangles above material production mode nor"distributive justice"that tangles whether the distribution of capitalist wealth is fair or not,but rather"universal justice"that points out the historical inevitability and limitation of capitalist production mode and distribution justice,transcends the illusion of"special justice"shaped by modern liberal political philosophy,and realizes"universal justice"with the free and comprehensive development of human beings as its connotation.