地球辐射收支探测的目标方向订正模型构建:从地球卫星到月基平台

The Angular Distribution Models of the Earth’s Radiation Budget Measurement:from LEO and GEO Satellites to the Moon-based Platform

监测地球辐射能量收支的时空变化有助于增进我们对全球气候变化的理解。地球反射的短波辐射与发射的长波辐射是地球系统与外界进行能量交换的重要组成部分,也是地球辐射收支观测的主要参量。地球辐射探测仪是探测大气层顶辐射收支能量平衡参数的专用仪器。地球目标方向订正模型(Angular Distribution Models,ADMs)专指校正大气层顶地球-大气系统目标辐射各向异性的一系列非均匀因子,它是将卫星或月基观测的地球目标反射及发射宽波段辐亮度转换为辐射通量的有效途径。ADMs模型构建和算法优化直接影响基于空间观测推算地球辐射收支的最终解算精度。本文围绕地球辐射ADMs模型展开,回顾了过去几十年来ADMs模型的发展历程,着重介绍了目前应用于Terra与Aqua卫星的云与地球辐射能量系统(Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System,CERES)的业务化ADMs模型,分析了地球静止卫星与月基对地观测在地球辐射ADMs模型中的优势、问题与潜力。基于上述综述与分析,讨论星载与月基地球辐射ADMs模型进一步优化的决定因素。

Monitoring the spatiotemporal variations of the Earth Radiation Budget(ERB)could help to improve our understanding of global climate change.The Earth’s reflected shortwave and emitted longwave radiation are important components of energy exchange between the Earth-Atmosphere system and outer space,and are main parameters to be measured by ERB sensors.The Earth radiation radiometer is intended for measuring the parameters of Earth radiation budget.The Angular Distribution Models(ADMs)refer to a series of factors for correcting the anisotropy of the Earth-Atmosphere radiation at the Top-of-Atmosphere(TOA),and it is an effective way to convert the broadband radiance measured by satellite-borne or Moon-based Earth radiation sensor to the Earth radiant flux.Therefore,the consistency between ADMs anisotropic factors and the anisotropy of TOA radiances would directly determine the accuracy of derived flux.This paper focused on the ADMs,reviewed the development progress of the ADMs over the past decades,introduced the current operational ADMs applied by the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System(CERES)onboard the Terra and Aqua satellites,and analyzed the advantages,problems,and potential of geostationary satellites and Moon-based Earth observations in the development of ADMs.Based on above reviews and analyses,the determinant factors for further improving the ADMs for satellite-borne and Moon-based Earth radiation measurements were discussed.