地理信息系统研究新范式

New Paradigm of Geographic Information Systems Research

随着大数据时代的到来,地理信息系统(GIS)的时空范畴、信息内容和应用场景都得到了前所未有的扩展,地理信息系统需要由例外处理的被动适应方式,转变为内核支持的主动扩展方式,将地理信息系统扩展为新一代时空信息系统。本文在分析地理信息系统本质是以地图数据模型为核心的信息系统的基础上,从研究对象、基本原理和技术方法3个方面总结梳理了地理信息系统研究范式,并分析阐述了时空信息扩展对地理信息系统研究范式的新要求。其次,在分析全空间信息系统(PSIS)认知模型与多粒度时空对象数据模型的基础上,归纳出全空间信息系统基于时空实体的理论与技术路线,并总结其在多个领域的实践与应用。然后,系统分析了全空间信息系统对地理信息系统研究对象、基本原理和技术方法的具体扩展方式,提出全空间信息系统研究范式。最后,总结梳理了全空间信息系统研究范式的基本内容,并与地理信息系统研究范式进行了核心内容的分析对比,展望了地理信息系统研究范式进阶将带来的影响和变化。

In the era of big data,the spatio-temporal category,information content,and application scenarios of Geographic Information Systems(GIS)have expanded unprecedentedly.GIS needs to transform from the passive adaptation mode of exception processing into an active kernel-supported mode,forming a new generation of spatio-temporal information system.Given that the essence of GIS is an information system with cartographic data model as the core,this paper summarizes the research paradigm of GIS from three aspects:research objects,basic principles,and technical methods,and analyzes the new requirements of spatio-temporal information expansion on the GIS research paradigm.Secondly,by analyzing the cognitive model of Pan-Spatial Information System(PSIS)and the multi-granularity spatio-temporal object data model,the theoretical and technical routes of the PSIS based on spatio-temporal entities are concluded,and its practice and application in many fields are summarized.Then,it systematically analyzes the specific extension mode of PSIS in GIS research object,basic principles,and technical methods,respectively,and proposes the PSIS research paradigm.Finally,this paper summarizes the basic content of the PSIS research paradigm,compares the core content with the GIS research paradigm,and looks forward to the impacts and changes that the advanced research paradigm of GIS would bring.