宅基地流转对居民家庭消费的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Homestead Land Circulation on Household Consumption

不断扩大居民家庭消费水平是构建新发展格局的战略基点,而推动具有财产属性的宅基地有效流转,是挖掘农村消费潜力的强力引擎。本文基于2015年和2017年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)追踪数据,运用倾向得分匹配与工具变量法,研究了宅基地流转对居民家庭总消费、生存型消费、发展型消费和享受型消费的影响。研究发现,宅基地流转能够显著提升居民家庭消费水平,促进消费转型升级,其中,对家庭总消费的影响净效应为12.2%,对发展型消费的影响效应高于生存型和享受型消费;家庭人口数量、户主受教育水平等人力资本指标对居民家庭消费也具有显著正向影响,尤其对发展型消费具有更强的提升作用;组间差异结果表明,在经济区域层面,宅基地流转对家庭消费的影响效应大小顺序为:东部>西部>中部,此外,相较于“农一代”,“农二代”家庭消费受宅基地流转的影响更明显。因此,为提高农村居民家庭消费水平,促进消费转型升级,应多渠道促进宅基地流转,注重提升流转户的人力资本,并警惕宅基地流转可能带来的新的发展不平衡问题。

Continuously expanding household consumption level is the strategic basis of building a new development pattern,and promoting the effective circulation of homestead with property attributes is a powerful engine to tap the potential of rural consumption.Based on the panel data from China Household Finance Survey(CHFS) in 2015 and 2017,this paper uses propensity score matching and instrumental variable methods to study the impact of homesite transfer on households’ total consumption,subsistence consumption,development consumption,and enjoyment consumption.The results show that homestead transfer can significantly improve household consumption levels and promote consumption transformation and upgrading.The net effect on total household consumption is 12.2%,and the effect on development consumption is higher than that on subsistence consumption and enjoyment consumption.Human capital indicators such as the number of households and the level of education of heads of households also have a significant positive impact on the consumption of farmers,especially on development consumption.The results of inter-group differences show that,at the economic regional level,the effect of homestead transfer on household consumption is in the order of eastern > western > central.In addition,compared with the “rural generation”,the “rural second generation” household consumption is more affected by homestead transfer.Therefore,in order to improve the consumption level of rural households and promote the transformation and upgrading of consumption,it is necessary to promote the homestead circulation through multiple channels,pay attention to the improvement of the human capital of the homestead circulation households,and be alert to the new unbalanced development problems that may be brought by the homestead circulation.