金属液测速技术的原理及研究进展

Principles and Research Progress of Metal Fluid Velocimetry Techniques

流动是自然界和工程领域中的普遍现象,对流动行为的理解和监控一直是人们想要实现的目标。金属流体在冶金工业中十分常见,其流动行为和传输过程涉及高炉、钢包、结晶器等多个加工环节,对生产效率和产品质量具有显著的影响。在连铸工艺、连续热镀锌工艺及再生铝生产等常见的材料加工过程中,金属液流速的大小、方向、变化规律对调节工艺参数、控制产品质量具有重要意义,面对不透明、高温、强腐蚀性的熔融金属流体,如何实现流速的精准测量一直是一大难题。在过去20年,随着电磁技术的不断进步,金属液的测速技术有了很大的发展,逐步实现了对多相三维湍流的实时在线非接触测量,应用范围也逐渐向晶体生长、电化学、核工业、医疗等领域扩展。由于金属液的测速方法种类繁多,需要针对不同的工业场景选择不同的方法,本文介绍工业常用的几种金属液测速方法的原理、适用场景和研究进展,分析不同方法之间的区别与各自的优缺点,并对未来发展进行了展望。

Flow is a very common phenomenon in nature and engineering fields,and measurement and control of flow have always been essential goals.Liquid metal flow is indispensable in the metallurgical industry,and its flow behavior and transport process involve multiple processing links,including use of blast furnaces,ladles and molds,all of which significantly impact both production efficiency and product quality.In material processes such as continuous casting,continuous hot galvanisation,and secondary aluminium production,the speed,direction and changing law of molten metal flow is of great important for adjusting process parameters and controlling product quality.However,in the face of opaqueness,high temperature,and chemically aggressive molten metal fluids,accurately measuring the flow velocity yield poses a challenge for researchers and engineers.In the past 20 years,with the advancement of electromagnetic technology,great progress has been achieved in velocity measurement techniques for molten metal,and real-time online noncontact measurement of multiphase three-dimensional turbulence has gradually been realised.The application of velocity measurement technology has gradually been extended to fields such as crystal growth,electrochemistry,the nuclear industry and medicine.There are the wide variety of molten metal velocity measurement methods,and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.In this paper,we introduce the principles,application scenarios and research progress of several molten metal velocity measurement methods commonly used in industry,analyse the differences among different methods and their respective advantages and disadvantages,and discuss prospects for their future development.