雄安新区涉水事务一体化风险管理

Integrated risk management of water affairs in Xiong’an New Area

涉水事务与经济、社会、生态环境关系密切,面临的风险种类多样,各种风险之间的相互关系复杂,对涉水事务进行有效的风险管理至关重要。该文构建了涉水事务一体化风险管理模型,该模型在理论层面可帮助理解涉水事务、风险管理步骤和信息技术之间的联系,在实践层面可以指导水务部门建立一体化风险管理体系,从而全面、协同、高效管理涉水事务风险。通过对雄安新区涉水事务风险进行调研发现,雄安新区涉水事务的主要风险可以分为洪涝灾害、水生态环境问题、水资源短缺问题、水务工程建设与运营管理风险。雄安新区涉水事务风险管理应建立涉水事务一体化风险管理机制,运用现代化技术开展全流域风险监测,加强涉水事务一体化全过程风险管理。

[Objective] Water affairs are closely related to the economy, society, and environment, involving multiple risks with complex relationships. The integrated risk management of water affairs with the support of information technology is needed. In the past, the water affairs management mode was inefficient and lacked interdepartmental coordination, which was inconducive to the integration of resources and technologies for efficient management, leading to waste and pollution of water resources and reducing the development and utilization efficiency of water resources. The water department should establish an integrated management system to realize the integrated and efficient management of water resources, flood control, water supply, water saving, drainage, water and soil conservation, sewage treatment and reuse, and reclaimed water utilization. [Methods] This study presents an integrated risk management model for water affairs and investigates the risk management of water affairs in Xiong’an New Area. Theoretically, the model can help us understand the relationships among water affairs, risk management processes, and information technology. Practically, the model can guide the water department in comprehensively, collaboratively, and efficiently managing the risks of water affairs. This study selected the risk management of water affairs in Xiong’an New Area as the research object. Quantitative data were collected by questionnaire survey, and qualitative data were collected by interview, on-site investigation, and data collection. The questionnaire evaluated the risk factors of water affairs in Xiong’an New Area using the five-point Likert scale to quantify these indicators. The importance of different risks was judged by mean value analysis and the risk factors were classified by hierarchical cluster analysis using SPSS 22.0. [Results] The main risks of water affairs in Xiong’an New Area are(1) flood disasters,(2) water ecological problems,(3) water resource shortage, and(4) water engineering construction and operation management risks. The corresponding prevention measures for the aforementioned risks include the following:(1) A coordination mechanism for river basin governance should be established to effectively prevent and control flood risks including an integrated flood control system, adequate flood control facilities, overall management of upstream and downstream channels, and joint regulation of reservoirs.(2) The water ecological risks should be effectively controlled through measures such as adjusting the industrial structure, strictly controlling the discharge of various pollution sources, establishing a long-term water transfer and replenishment mechanism, and restoring the Baiyangdian Lake and upstream river ecosystems.(3) Based on the coordination mechanism between river basins and regions, the supply of water resources should be coordinated and both market and administrative supervision should be used to manage water intake, water supply, water consumption, water conservation, drainage, sewage treatment and recycling, industrial structure optimization, and water resource recycling.(4) The integrated risk management of the entire life cycle of water projects should be strengthened, including planning and design management, construction management, and operation management. [Conclusions] Risk management of water affairs should(1) establish an integrated risk management mechanism for water affairs,(2) use information technology to monitor the risk of the entire basin and integrate multisource information on water affairs, and(3) improve the entire process of integrated risk management, including risk identification, risk analysis, risk response, and risk monitoring.