一种复合微生物菌肥对穿心莲生长、品质及土壤性质的影响

Effect of a Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Growth,Quality,and Soil Properties of Andrographis paniculata

目的:研究一种微生物复合菌肥对穿心莲生长、品质及土壤性质的影响,旨在为穿心莲栽培生产中微生物复合菌肥的应用提供依据。方法:通过盆栽的共5个处理试验,CK(不施肥)组、A处理(施化肥)组、B处理(施微生物菌肥,施用量为2.5 g·kg^(-1)土)组、C处理(施微生物菌肥,施用量为7.5 g·kg^(-1)土)组、D处理(施微生物菌肥,施用量为12.5 g·kg^(-1)土)组,研究一种复合微生物菌肥对穿心莲的农艺性状、有效成分含量及根际土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌的数量和土壤理化性质的影响。结果:施加一定量的复合微生物菌肥,穿心莲的株高、叶片数、叶面积、地上部、地下部鲜重较CK组和A处理组显著升高,不同生长期有差异。复合微生物菌肥对穿心莲内酯、脱水穿心莲内酯、新穿心莲内酯及14-去氧穿心莲内酯含量影响有差异,与CK组、A处理组比较,C处理组的穿心莲内酯分别明显升高26.13%、13.23%(P<0.05);新穿心莲内酯的含量随微生物菌肥施加量的增加而增加,在D处理组下的效应最显著,与CK组、A处理组比较,分别明显升高9.06%、50.33%(P<0.05);B处理组的14-去氧穿心莲内酯较A处理组明显升高42.04%(P<0.05),较CK组升高1.74%;C处理组的脱水穿心莲内酯的含量效应最显著,较CK组和A处理组的分别明显升高11.73%、27.74%(P<0.05)。B、C、D处理组的土壤pH均高于CK组及A处理组;B处理组的全氮、有效磷含量效应最显著;D处理组的速效钾的含量最显著。施加复合微生物菌肥可以提高根际土壤细菌、放线菌数量,明显高于CK组和A处理组(P<0.05),且随施加量的增加而升高,而真菌的数量随复合微生物菌肥施加量的增加而下降,均较CK组有明显差异(P<0.05),各处理真菌/细菌均明显低于CK组(P<0.05),且随微生物菌肥施加量的增加而降低。结论:施加复合微生物菌肥使植物-土壤-微生物系统向良性方向转化,有利于穿心莲生长及有效成分的积累。

Objective:To study the effect of a microbial compound fertilizer on the growth,quality,and soil properties of Andrographis paniculata and provide a basis for its application in the cultivation and production of A.paniculata.Method:Through five treatment tests in pots,the control group(CK,no fertilization),the treatment A group(chemical fertilization),the treatment B group(microbial fertilization at 2.5 g·kg^(-1)soil),the treatment C group(microbial fertilization at 7.5 g·kg^(-1)soil),and the treatment D group(microbial fertilization at 12.5 g·kg^(-1)soil)were established.The effects of a compound microbial fertilizer on the agronomic properties,the content of active ingredients,the number of rhizosphere soil bacteria,Actinomycetes,and fungi,and soil physicochemical properties of A.paniculata were studied.Result:As compared with the CK group and the treatment A group,the plant height,leaf number,leaf area,and aboveground and below-ground fresh weight of A.paniculata were significantly increased after microbial fertilization,with differences in different growth periods.The effect of the compound microbial fertilizer on the content of andrographolide,dehydrated andrographolide,neandrographolide,and 14-deoxyandrographolide differed.The content of andrographolide significantly increased by 26.13%and 13.23%in the treatment C group,respectively,as compared with the CK group and the treatment A group(P<0.05).The content of neandrographolide increased with the increasing amount of microbial fertilizer,and the content in the treatment D group increased by 9.06%and 50.33%,respectively,as compared with the CK group and the treatment A group(P<0.05),which was the most obvious.The content of 14-deoxyandrographolide in the treatment B group significantly increased by 42.04%and 1.74%,respectively,as compared with the treatment A group and the CK group(P<0.05).The content of dehydrated andrographolide content in the treatment B group increased most significantly,significantly increasing by 11.73%and 27.74%,respectively,as compared with the CK group and the treatment A group(P<0.05).The soil pH of the treatment B,C,and D groups was higher than that of the CK group and the treatment A group.The content of total nitrogen and effective phosphorus increased most significantly in the treatment B group,and the content of fast-acting potassium increased most significantly in the treatment D group.The application of the compound microbial fertilizer increased the number of rhizosphere soil bacteria and Actinomycetes,which was significantly higher than that in the CK group and the treatment A group(P<0.05),and increased with the increase of applied amount.The number of fungi decreased with the increase of the compound microbial fertilizer application,which was significantly different from that in the CK group(P<0.05).The fungi/bacteria of all treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the CK group(P<0.05)and increased with the increase of microbial fertilizer application.Conclusion:The application of the compound microbial fertilizer transforms the plant-soil-microbial system in a benign direction,which is beneficial to the growth of A.paniculata and the accumulation of active ingredients.